MaGPIE - A comprehensive, universal human rights framework for Mass Grave Protection, Investigation & Engagement

该MaGPIE提案在欧洲研究委员会（ERC） 2022年整合者资助下获得成功。万人坑遍布全球，规模之大令人震惊。它们包含的证据对于在多个层面实现司法和问责目标至关重要：对受害者、受影响社区、转型期国家和国际社会而言。然而，这一问题的规模和性质并没有得到很好的了解：没有万人坑的全球记录，也没有一个普遍的人权框架来管理万人坑的所有方面和后果，从而造成政策空白。该项目紧急回应了国际人权领域的这一重大知识和政策差距。它提出的问题是：如何才能达成一个全面和普遍适用的保护和调查万人坑的人权框架？为了回答这个复杂的问题，得出了三个总体目标：1 .对万人坑现象的规模进行全球定量和定性评估；2 .在现有人权框架内纠正相关盲点；制定政策，创新、巩固和实施统一的集体坟墓参与人权方法。人员损失的规模及其社会意义需要一种开创性的、多学科的方法，这种方法植根于法律，以保护遗址、人类遗骸以及幸存者的权利和利益。该项目由制定国际标准的《关于万人坑保护和调查的伯恩茅斯议定书》的作者领导，其前提是相信万人坑，无论位于何处，都应该有一个全面的人权框架，以确保对其进行保护、调查和利益相关者的参与。它以法律方法论为基础，采用多学科方法推动卓越的研究，为受害者、家庭和社区的利益创造宝贵的、基于事实的知识、理论发展和政策指导。

This MaGPIE proposal was successful under the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant 2022.Mass graves exist across the globe and on a shocking scale. They contain evidence that is essential to the realisation of justice and accountability goals at multiple levels: for victims, affected communities, States in transition and the international community. Yet the scale and nature of the problem is not well understood: there are no global records for mass graves, nor is there a universal human rights framework to govern all facets and ramifications of mass graves, thereby resulting in a policy gap.This project urgently responds to this significant knowledge and policy gap in the international human rights landscape. It asks: how can a comprehensive and universally applicable human rights framework for the protection and investigation of mass graves be achieved? To answer this complex question, three overarching objectives have been derived: O1 To produce a global quantitative and qualitative assessment of the scale of the phenomena that are mass graves;O2 To remedy associated blindspots within the existing human rights framework; andO3 To create policies that innovate, consolidate and implement a coherent human rights approach to mass grave engagement.The scale of human loss and the societal significance require a pioneering, multidisciplinary approach that is rooted in law to safeguard sites, human remains as well as the rights and interests of survivors. Led by the author of the international standard-setting Bournemouth Protocol on Mass Grave Protection and Investigation, this project is premised on the belief that mass graves, regardless of where situated, are deserving of a comprehensive human rights framework to secure their protection, investigation and stakeholder engagement. Whilst firmly grounded in legal methodology, it employs multidisciplinary approaches to drive the research excellence needed to generate invaluable, fact-based knowledge, theory development and policy guidance for the benefit of victims, families and communities.