Re-thinking the Green Revolution in the Medieval Western Mediterranean (6th - 16th centuries)

随着地中海社会为未来几十年气候变化的影响做准备，一项关于其未来复原力的案例研究与世界历史上具有决定性意义的事件之一有关：7世纪伊斯兰教的出现，随后阿拉伯(以及后来的柏柏尔人)对地中海南部和西部的征服，与之相关的人口迁移以及使这些新社会蓬勃发展的环境适应。新农业形式的引入改变了被征服地区的经济，以前被称为“绿色革命”。该项目超越了早期研究的有限重点，其空间和时间范围有限，将采用一种综合生态学方法，从生产到消费，涵盖植物、动物和土壤，并比较与地中海西部(伊比利亚和摩洛哥)的长期社会变化有关的环境变化的影响和遗产，超越最初的阿拉伯/柏柏尔人征服。采用更广泛的时间跨度，从征服前的一个世纪到伊比利亚最后一个伊斯兰政体解体后的一个世纪，伊比利亚从伊斯兰政权向基督教政权的过渡将首次与气候波动的背景下非洲西北部的伊斯兰政体的持续进行比较。这将使环境变化与政治和人口变化序列之间的关系能够有效地联系起来。我们两个小组之间的协同作用将把区域专门知识与丰富的科学专门知识结合起来，使我们能够进行第一次长期和区域间研究，研究在世界历史上这一形成时期，征服、迁徙以及与居民和景观的相遇如何推动地中海西部的环境变化。

As Mediterranean societies prepare for the impacts of climate change over the next few decades, a case study to inform their future resilience is associated with one of the defining events in world history: the emergence of Islam in the 7th century, the subsequent Arab (and later Berber) conquests of the southern and western Mediterranean, their associated population movements and the environmental adaptations that enabled these new societies to flourish. The introduction of new forms of agriculture that transformed the economies of the conquered regions has been previously framed as the "Green Revolution". Moving beyond the limited focus of earlier research, with its restricted spatial and chronological scope, this project will adopt an integrated ecological approach, encompassing plants, animals and soils, from production through to consumption, and compare the impact and legacy of environmental transformations associated with long-term societal change in the western Mediterranean (Iberia and Morocco), beyond the initial Arab/Berber conquests. Adopting a broader chronological span, from the century before the conquests through to the century after the dissolution of the last Islamic polity in Iberia, the transition from Islamic to Christian regimes in Iberia will be compared, for the first time, with the persistence of Islamic polities in northwest Africa, against the backdrop of climatic fluctuations. This will enable relationships between environmental transformations and sequences of political and demographic change to be effectively contextualised. The synergy between our groups will combine regional specialisms with a wealth of scientific expertise, enabling us to conduct the first long-term and inter-regional study of how conquest, migration and encounters with resident populations and landscapes drove environmental transformation in the western Mediterranean during this formative period in world history.