Fair and modular blockchain data infrastructure for open science and society (FairOnChain)

公共区块链，如比特币和以太坊，通过设计可以公开访问，但如果没有适当的结构和索引，它们的数据就无法轻松访问和分析。该项目的目标是开发一个可公开访问的基础设施，根据开放科学的FAIR原则（Findable Interoperable Replicable），实现区块链数据的轻松访问和搜索。这将促进区块链领域科学分析结果的完全透明性和可重复性-这是目前不存在的-促进新的和现有的应用程序和合作的增长。目前，结构化分析通常使用专有解决方案和数据库进行，这使得科学界内数据的可重复性和共享具有挑战性和昂贵性。此外，即使科学研究经常进行共同的操作来系统地收集数据，但开发和使用的工具和图书馆很少与更广泛的科学界分享。因此，由不同机构和团体进行的类似研究往往需要重新实施相同的软件工具，导致资源浪费，无法复制和比较结果。作为该项目的一部分，我们计划为科学界提供：（a）公开访问和可扩展的数据集和基础设施，包括结构化的，每日更新的区块链交易数据。研究人员将能够以统一和开放的方式访问原始交易数据和社区维护的丰富数据集，促进这些复杂数据的可用性和重用。(b)一个开源软件框架和标准化的数据访问API，可实现有效的数据查询、注释和引用，建设好--描述了可重复使用的工作流程和管道，这些工作流程和管道将根据开放科学的FAIR原则促进科学成果的交换和复制。该项目还旨在为欧盟委员会提供有效的解决方案和工具，以根据最近投票（08/12/2022）的欧洲税收规则，也被称为第八次行政合作指令（DAC 8），并且还不存在公众和普遍接受的解决方案。

Public blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, are publicly accessible by design, but their data cannot be easily accessed and analysed without proper structure and indexing. The objective of this project is to develop a publicly accessible infrastructure that enables easy access and searchability of blockchain data in accordance with the FAIR principles (Findable Accessible Interoperable Replicable) of open science. This will promote complete transparency and reproducibility of scientific analysis results in the blockchain field - something that does not exist today - facilitating the growth of new and existing applications and collaborations.At present, structured analyses are typically performed using proprietary solutions and databases, which make reproducibility and sharing of data within the scientific community challenging and expensive. Additionally, even though scientific studies often perform common operations to collect data systematically, the tools and libraries developed and used are rarely shared with the broader scientific community. As a result, similar research carried out by different institutions and groups often requires the re-implementation of the same software tools, leading to wasted resources and an inability to reproduce and compare results.As part of this project, we plan to provide the scientific community with:(a) Publicly accessible and expandable datasets and infrastructure that include structured, daily updated blockchain transaction data. Researchers will be able to access raw transaction data and community-maintained, enriched datasets in a uniform and open manner, promoting the availability and reuse of these complex data.(b) An open-source software framework and standardized data access APIs that enable effective querying, annotating, and referencing of data, and building well-described reusable workflows and pipelines that will facilitate the exchange and replication of scientific resultsaccording to the FAIR principles of open science.This project also aims to provide an effective solution and tool for the European Commission to certify blockchain transactions as required by the recently voted (08/12/2022) European tax rules, also known as the eighth Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC8), and for which a public and generally accepted solution does not yet exist.