Just 15-Minute City

气候变化和不可持续的城市增长加剧了全球城市地区的脆弱性，突出表明迫切需要采取更具韧性和可持续性的城市发展方法。作为回应，世界各地的城市正在将“15分钟城市”（FMC）概念纳入其政策框架，以迈向更可持续的未来。FMCenvisions社区在15分钟的步行或骑车时间内提供高效的城市便利设施，创造包容、充满活力和健康的社区，具有更高的密度、混合用途和人性化的环境。虽然FMC概念有望带来积极的城市成果，但由于其可能产生不公正的后果，它最近受到了严格的审查。我认为这些争论围绕着四个关键主题：士绅化、物理决定论、非参与性治理和非代表性实践。这些主题加剧了城市的不平等，破坏了城市内的正义价值观和民主。通过将受费恩斯坦正义理论启发的“公正城市”（JC）原则注入FMC框架，我提出了“15分钟城市”（JFMC）概念，作为一种创新的解决方案。这种方法旨在推进FMC，同时减少其潜在的不公正结果，最终促进更公平、多样化和民主的城市环境。本研究旨在将“JFMC”概念概念化，开发一个创新的评估框架，将其应用于三个案例研究领域，生成一个政策工具包，引导城市走向JFMC，并最终将政策工具包应用于牛津现场项目，该项目旨在将FMC纳入其当地计划。为了实现这一目标，本研究采用了实用主义哲学范式，采用了“方法论拼凑”方法和各种定性和定量方法，包括访谈、焦点小组讨论、问卷调查和定性内容分析。

Climate change and increasing unsustainable urban growth have exacerbated vulnerabilities of urban areas worldwide, highlightingthe urgent need for more resilient and sustainable approaches to urban development. In response, cities around the world areincorporating the '15-Minute City' (FMC) concept into their policy frameworks to move towards a more sustainable future. FMCenvisions neighbourhoods offering efficient access to urban amenities within a 15-minute walk or cycle to create inclusive, vibrant,and healthy communities with higher density, mixed-use, and human-scale environments. While the FMC concept holds promise forpositive urban outcomes, it has recently come under critical scrutiny due to its potential to produce unjust consequences. I argue thatthese debates revolve around four key themes: gentrification, physical determinism, non-participatory governance, and nonrepresentativepractices. These themes exacerbate urban inequalities and undermine justice values and democracy within cities. Byinfusing the principles of the 'Just City' (JC), inspired by Fainstein's justice theory, into the FMC framework, I propose the 'Just 15-Minute City' (JFMC) concept as an innovative solution. This approach aims to advance FMC while mitigating its potential unjustoutcomes, ultimately fostering more equitable, diverse, and democratic urban environments. This study aims to conceptualise the'JFMC' notion, develop an innovative evaluation framework that will be applied to three case study areas, generate a Policy Toolkit tonavigate cities towards JFMC, and finally applies the policy toolkit to the Oxford live project that intends to incorporate FMC into itslocal plan. To achieve this, the research adopts a pragmatic philosophical paradigm, employing a 'methodological bricolage'approach and a diverse range of qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires,and qualitative content analysis.