GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CELLULAR GENES IN NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION

为了了解癌症和其他疾病的遗传基础， 候选基因必须被分离和鉴定。人类基因 测绘项目正在参与物理和环境工程建设 人类基因组的连锁图谱。然后，这些地图充当一个框架 用于表征和鉴定新的序列。三种主要方法 被用来定位基因。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)分型 体细胞杂交DNA允许分配给特定的染色体。 荧光原位杂交允许高分辨率定位 中期和间期细胞。利用参考文献进行遗传连锁分析 高度多态的微卫星家族和PCR分析使 标记物与疾病间重组距离的计算 表型。最近发现的基因包括细胞因子、神经元生长 因子、RAF癌基因和淋巴因子受体。高分辨率 染色体3p的物理和遗传图谱导致了 在小细胞肺癌中鉴定纯合缺失，以及 已经产生了冯·希佩尔-林道病的候选基因。

In an effort to understand the genetic bases of cancer and other diseases, candidate genes must be isolated and characterized. The human gene mapping project is participating in the construction of physical and linkage maps of the human genome. These maps then serve as a framework for characterizing and identifying novel sequences. Three primary methods are utilized for mapping genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing of somatic cell hybrid DNAs allows assignment to specific chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization permits high resolution localization to metaphase and interphase cells. Genetic linkage analysis using reference families and PCR assays of highly polymorphic microsatellites enables the calculation of recombination distances between markers and disease phenotypes. Recently assigned genes include cytokines, neuron growth factors, RAF oncogenes, and lymphokine receptors. High resolution physical and genetic mapping of chromosome 3p has resulted in the identification of a homozygous deletion in small cell lung carcinoma, and has produced a candidate gene for Von Hippel-Lindau disease.