CONTROL OF RESPIRATORY SKELETAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE

本提案的总体目的是调查 控制呼吸平滑肌和骨骼肌。 我们的观点是 这个调节系统包括控制和控制 元素，按层次结构组织并与其他 生理系统。 本项目的目标 补助金是为了表征联系（解剖学，生物化学和 功能）之间的呼吸系统的组成部分和之间 呼吸系统和其他系统，以描绘的特点， 控制和控制单位，并研究成熟的 这些单位。 我们将通过有重点的系统来实现这些目标， 在一个密切相关的程序中的细胞和分子方法 由七个项目和三个核心组成。 项目1结合 数学分析与脊椎动物实验 无脊椎动物研究呼吸系统的反应 系统干扰。 它验证了这些反应是 可能是神经网络之间耦合的结果 控制器和非线性受控元件。 项目2审查 CNS对体内缺氧的反应，以阐明其对 呼吸和血管活性，而项目3在体外使用 脑切片准备研究神经和突触的影响 缺氧。 项目4评估了解剖和功能 介导颈动脉体对缺氧的反应的途径。 项目5检查气道平滑肌的成熟 在动物和人类健康和疾病中的调节。 项目6评估影响长期上气道的表面力 鞋面内衬流体的通畅性和流变特性 航空公司. 项目7评估了肌肉传入神经在 人类和动物的呼吸行为，特别是 膈神经传入对中枢疲劳发生的作用 的呼吸肌。 核心设施旨在 有助于在该提议中更加强调蜂窝， 亚细胞机制 除了核心A， 核心B将整合行政和协调职能， 利用免疫细胞化学和解剖学 技术研究细胞结构和组织化学和核心C 将作为分子药理学和生物化学 检查细胞间通讯的方法。 本更新提案中的每个项目直接或 间接地从正在进行的工作和每一个试图联系的问题 从系统行为到细胞水平的研究。

The overall purpose of this proposal is to investigate the control of respiratory smooth and skeletal muscles. Our view is that this regulatory system consists of controlling and controlled elements, organized hierarchically and coupled to other physiological systems. The objectives of this program project grant are to characterize linkages (anatomical, biochemical and function) among components of the respiratory system and between the respiratory and other systems, to delineate the features of the controlled and controlling units, and to study the maturation of these units. We will approach these aims using focused systems, cellular, and molecular approaches in a closely related program consisting of seven projects and three cores. Project 1 combines mathematical analysis with experiments in vertebrate and invertebrates to investigate the responses of the respiratory system to disturbances. It tests the idea that these responses are likely to be the result of coupling between neural network controllers and nonlinear controlled elements. Project 2 examines CNS responses to hypoxia in vivo to elucidate its effects on respiratory and vasomotor activity while Project 3 uses in vitro brain slice preparations to study the neural and synaptic effects of hypoxia. Project 4 assesses the anatomical and functional pathways mediating the responses of the carotid body to hypoxia. Project 5 examines the maturation of airway smooth muscle regulation in animals, and in humans with health and disease. Project 6 assesses surface forces affecting long-term upper airway patency and rheological characteristics of fluids lining the upper airways. Project 7 evaluates the role of muscle afferents in respiratory behavior in humans and in animals, particularly the contribution of phrenic afferents to development of central fatigue of the respiratory muscles. Core facilities are designed to facilitate the increased emphasis in this proposal on cellular and subcellular mechanisms. Besides Core A which serves an administrative and coordinating function, Core B will integrate research which employs immunocyto-chemical and anatomical techniques to study cell structure and histochemistry and Core C will serve as a facility for molecular pharmacology and biochemical methods to examine cell-to-cell communication. Each project in this renewal proposal arises directly or indirectly from ongoing work and each attempts to relate questions of system behavior to studies at the cellular level.