Are we there yet? Using the Bristol Approach to examine trends in absolute poverty in sub Saharan Africa between 1995 and 2015.

该项目将为评估1995年至2015年撒哈拉以南非洲地区的贫困趋势提供可靠、高质量的数据。该地区有许多世界上最贫穷的国家，随着国际商定的千年发展目标（MDGs）的最后期限2015年的临近，了解该地区的贫困是否正在下降是很重要的。该项目将采用国际公认的绝对贫困定义和突破性的同行评议方法，利用具有全国代表性的住户调查和个人数据，制定与年龄和性别相关的基本需求匮乏指标。这些数据和指标将用于回答一系列关于SSA贫困程度和分布的重要问题。例如，妇女和女孩在非洲贫困人口中所占的比例是否过高？城市地区减贫的速度是否比农村地区更快？SSA的哪些县实现了最大程度的减贫，他们是如何实现的？儿童贫困率下降的速度和成人贫困率下降的速度一样吗？使用不同的方法来衡量非洲的贫困对政策有什么影响？研究产生的数据将允许制作专题地图，以图形方式显示在减少贫穷和剥夺基本需要方面取得最大进展的国家/区域。这些数据将为对SSA的贫困和发展感兴趣的各个学科的学者、政策制定者、非政府组织和国际发展机构所使用。这项工作很重要，因为现有的极端贫困指标，如世界银行每天1美元的衡量标准，在理论和方法上都受到了严厉的批评。批评人士指出，这些指标低估了贫困的程度，因此不是可靠的有效措施。该项目将证明，可以制定有意义的替代指标，并用于显示SSA的贫困水平如何随时间变化。它建立在布里斯托尔大学为联合国儿童基金会和英国国际发展部所做的早期工作的基础上，这些工作对贫困的概念化、定义和衡量方式产生了重大影响。例如，布里斯托尔大学制定的贫穷衡量方法和指标现在是儿童基金会在包括印度和中国在内的全世界50多个国家进行的关于儿童贫穷和差距的全球研究的核心部分。这个新项目将提供数据，以显示过去20年在撒哈拉以南非洲国家实施的反贫困政策是否成功。

This project will provide reliable, high quality data for assessing trends in poverty in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) between 1995 and 2015. The region contains many of the world's poorest countries, and as the 2015 deadline for the internationally-agreed Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) approaches, it is important to know whether or not poverty in the region is falling. Using an internationally-accepted definition of absolute poverty, and a ground-breaking peer-reviewed methodology, the project will use nationally-representative household surveys, with individual-level data, to develop age- and gender- relevant indicators of deprivation for basic needs. These data and indicators will be used to answer a series of important questions about the extent and distribution of poverty in SSA. For example, do women and girls make up a disproportionate share of the poor in Africa? Is poverty reduction occurring more rapidly in urban areas than in rural areas? Which counties in SSA have achieved the largest reductions in poverty, and how have they achieved this? Has child poverty declined at the same rate as adult poverty? What are the implications for policy of using different methods to measure poverty in Africa? Data produced by the research will allow for the creation of thematic maps, which will reveal graphically the countries/regions making most progress in reducing poverty and deprivation of basic needs. These data will be of interest to and can be used by academics across a range of disciplines, policy makers, non-governmental organisations and international development agencies interested in poverty and development in SSA. The work is important because existing indicators of extreme poverty, like the World Bank's $1/day measure, have been roundly criticised on both theoretical and methodological grounds. Critics have demonstrated that such indicators underestimate the extent of poverty, and as such are not reliable of valid measures. This project will demonstrate that meaningful alternative indicators can be developed and used to show how levels of poverty in SSA have changed over time. It builds on earlier work done by the University of Bristol for UNICEF and the UK DfID, which made a significant impact in the ways in which poverty is conceptualised, defined and measured. For example, the methods of poverty measurement and indicators developed by the University of Bristol now form a core part of UNICEF's Global Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, being conducted in over 50 countries around the world, including India and China. This new project will provide data to show whether or not anti-poverty policies applied in sub Saharan African countries over the last twenty years have been successful.