Insecurity and Uncertainty: Marginalised young people's living rights in fragile and conflict affected situations in Nepal and Ethiopia

这项研究将产生关于年轻人对不确定性、暴力、贫困和权利的理解的新知识。它将提供关于如何支持和维持街头联系和边缘化青年摆脱贫困的途径的见解。这项研究是及时的，因为它将为联合国可持续发展目标的实施提供信息，其中不平等是一个关键主题。这项研究的总体目标是产生新的知识，了解被边缘化的年轻人如何感知、驾驭、谈判和应对不确定性，以及这可能如何影响他们在贫困、脆弱和受冲突影响的社区摆脱贫困的权利和途径，这些社区也可能容易发生自然灾害。埃塞俄比亚和尼泊尔将与CHADET和行动援助尼泊尔合作研究贫困和不确定性之间的关系，这两个组织在贫困、权利和参与方面展示了他们在与最边缘化的儿童和青年合作方面的当地专长。研究的目标是鲍曼关于社区和自治的理论，这些理论以前没有被用来概念化被边缘化的青年如何在脆弱和冲突影响的发展中国家经历不确定性、贫困和他们的权利。这些目标将使该项目能够产生新的知识，了解弱势和被边缘化的街头青年在成长过程中经历贫困的方式，以及冲突、暴力、不稳定、同龄人群体和移民对贫困的影响。这些新的见解将对通过青年教育和权利倡议来解决贫困问题的政策组织的实践产生直接影响。详细的研究问题探索脆弱性、代理和权利如何影响年轻人的日常应对策略、安全感、归属感和自主性，以及他们的梦想和身份认同如何随着他们在尼泊尔和埃塞俄比亚从繁忙的城市中心到偏远的农村环境的成长而变化。该项目将增进我们对为什么--在冲突时期以及在冲突后和脆弱的环境和社会环境中，青年拒绝传统规范，形成新的社会规范，并在帮派和极端主义团体等替代群体和同龄人支持形式中寻求支持和领导--的理解。创造性的创新方法，如测绘、生命之河、照片叙事、网络和支持图，将有助于揭示青年对其生活复杂性的看法。通过与1,000名青年、320名成年人和80个主要利益攸关方合作，国际研究小组将分析不同性别和代际之间的思维和战略差异。将在每个国家收集250个详细的案例研究，以提供15-24岁第三性别青年的故事，这也将有助于理解边缘化青年的贫困经历以及面对不确定性的看法和战略如何根据族裔、种姓、宗教、残疾、教育和社会经济地位等交叉方面的不同而发生变化。关于贫困、不确定性和儿童生存权利的新证据将在尼泊尔和埃塞俄比亚的国家参考小组中提交给政策制定者和青年服务提供者，包括政府和非政府代表。在受冲突影响的地区，支持青年应对不确定性的当地政策和干预措施的详细证据将包括减贫、建设和平和教育。通过与决策者就被边缘化和与街头有联系的青年面临的复杂现实以及对他们生活产生积极影响的因素进行对话，将鼓励和监测青年政策和方案的重新构思。

The research will generate new knowledge about youth understandings of uncertainty, violence, poverty and rights. It will provide insights into how to support and sustain pathways out of poverty for street connected and marginalised youth. The research is timely as it will inform the implementation of the UN's sustainable development goals, in which inequality is a key theme.The overall aim of the research is to generate new knowledge about how marginalised youth perceive, navigate, negotiate and respond to uncertainty and how this may affect their rights and pathways out of poverty in impoverished fragile and conflict affected communities, which may also be prone to natural disasters. The relationship between poverty and uncertainty will be examined in Ethiopia and Nepal in partnership with CHADET and ActionAid Nepal, organisations that have demonstrated their local expertise in working with the most marginalised children and youth on poverty, rights and participation.The objectives of the research are informed by Bauman's theories about communities and autonomy that that have not previously been applied to conceptualise how marginalised youth experience uncertainty, poverty and their rights in fragile and conflict affected developing country contexts. The objectives will enable the project to produce new knowledge about the way vulnerable and marginalised street connected youth experience poverty as they grow up, and how this is affected by conflict, violence, instability, peer groups and migration. The new insights will have direct impact on the practices of policy organisations that address poverty through initiatives for youth education and rights.Detailed research questions explore how vulnerability, agency, and rights affect young people's daily coping strategies, sense of security, belonging and autonomy and how their dreams and identities change as they grow up in settings from busy urban centres to remote rural settings in Nepal and Ethiopia. The project will advance our understandings of why - in times of conflict and in post-conflict and fragile environmental and social settings, youth reject traditional norms, form new social norms and seek support and leadership in alternative groupings and forms of peer support, such as gangs and extremist groups. Creative innovative methods, such as mapping, rivers of life, photo narrative, network and support diagrams, will help to reveal youth perspectives on the complexities of their lives. Through working with 1,000 youth and 320 adults and 80 key stakeholders, the international research team will analyse how thinking and strategies differ between genders and generations. 250 detailed case studies in each country will be collected to provide stories from young men, women and youth of the third gender, aged 15-24 years, which will also help to understand how marginalised youth experiences of poverty and perceptions of and strategies in the face of uncertainty change depending on intersecting aspects ethnicity, caste, religion, disability, education and socio-economic status. New evidence about poverty, uncertainty and children's living rights will be presented to policy makers and providers of youth services, including government and non-government representatives, in national reference groups in Nepal and Ethiopia. In the conflict affected locations, detailed evidence on local policies and interventions that support youth to deal with uncertainty will include poverty alleviation, peacebuilding and education. Through dialogue with decision-makers about the complex realities for marginalised and street connected youth and what has made a positive difference to their lives, re-conceptualisation of youth policy and programmes will be encouraged and monitored.