DISTRIBUTION OF MOBILE AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AT CHEMICAL SYNAPSES

本项目研究的是组织的结构性和扩散性 神经、肌肉和神经胶质的组成部分，特别是关于 特殊的膜区，如突触的功能。一个新的和 独特的仪器--低温、高分辨率、场发射 扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)--已研制成功并 显示出对分子的灵敏度和分辨率达到了新的水平 天然蛋白质的重量图和化学分析。这个STEM现在有 被用来确定三级结构和分子量 动蛋白的个体天然分子分布，如中所述 项目ZO1-NS-02700-05 LN。这一工具也将对 树突状细胞钙调控的扩展分析显微镜研究 脊椎和轴，它们已经被适当的开发所推进 海马片的器官型培养。同时，吸收和 钙离子从内质网(ER)释放的动物模型 钙调节的神经分泌，海胆卵皮质，一直是 用钙指示剂进行了研究。光学显微镜和电子显微镜 免疫细胞化学表明，微管上的运输也是 小泡顺行和逆行转运的基础 少突胶质细胞中的髓鞘特异性蛋白。因此，解聚 微管束的分布和极性支持 在细胞器移位中的作用，可逆地阻断髓鞘的运输 高尔基体中的蛋白质。微管解聚也 引起参与蛋白质合成的细胞器重组 活细胞中的培养细胞，细胞的三维组织 共聚焦显微镜显示内质网与微管的关系。 免疫细胞化学已经被用来定位α-1和α-2 二氢吡啶受体亚基与T小管系统的关系 骨骼肌，从而表明这些多肽之间的联系 在激发-收缩(EC)耦合耦合中。与此形成对比的是 这些受体在发育不良肌肉(MDG/MDG)中的分布 α-1亚单位的缺失与细胞的解体有关 剩余的α-2蛋白。在正常肌肉的肌肉发生过程中， 电/电耦合装置的研制具有以下特点 与血浆连接前T管膜的形成 薄膜。

This project studies the organization of structural and diffusible components of nerve, muscle and glia, particularly with respect to the function of specialized membrane regions such as synapses. A new and unique instrument -- the low-temperature, high-resolution, field-emission scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) -- has been developed and shown to reach new levels of sensitivity and resolution for molecular weight mapping and chemical analysis of native proteins. This STEM has now been used to determine the tertiary structure and molecular weight distribution of individual, native molecules of kinesin, as described in Project ZO1-NS-02700-05 LN. This instrument will also be essential for extending analytical microscopy studies on calcium regulation in dendritic spines and shafts, which have been advanced by the development of suitable organotypic cultures of hippocampal slices. In parallel, uptake and release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of a model for calciumregulated neurosecretion, the sea urchin egg cortex, has been studied using calcium indicator dyes. Light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry has indicated that transport on microtubules is also the basis of anterograde and retrograde vesicular transport of myelin-specific proteins in oligodendrocytes. Thus, the depolymerization of microtubule bundles, the distribution and polarity of which support a role in organelle translocation, reversibly block transport of myelin proteins from the Golgi apparatus. Microtubule depolymerization also causes reorganization of organelles involved in protein synthesis in cultured cells in living cells, the three-dimensional organization of the ER in relation to microtubules is being revealed by confocal microscopy. Immunocychemistry has been used to localize the alpha-1 and alpha-2 subunits of the dihydropyridine receptor to the t-tubule system of skeletal muscle, thereby indicating the association of these polypeptides in the excitation-contraction (EC) coupling couple. This contrasts with the distribution of these receptors in dysgenic muscle (mdg/mdg) where the absence of the alpha-1 subunit is associated with disorganization of the remaining alpha-2 protein. During myogenesis in normal muscle, the development of the E/C coupling apparatus is characterized by the formation of t-tubule membranes prior to connection with the plasma membrane.