Ageing Well in Urban Environments: Developing Age Friendly Cities and Communities

人口老龄化和日益城市化是21世纪的两大社会趋势。到2030年，全球三分之二的人口将居住在城市，其中至少四分之一的城市人口将超过60岁。发展支持和促进老年人健康生活的城市环境已成为地方和国家一级城市政策和干预措施的一个关键驱动因素，从而产生了支持老龄化人口的规划设计概念和指导方针。然而，目前的城市规划和发展模式忽视了环境如何支持地方感，通过支持积极生活、社会参与和对社区做出积极贡献来表达这种感觉。在家庭和社区成功老龄化需要人们能够获得支持健康老龄化的“资产和资源”，例如交通、充足的住房、医疗保健服务和休闲机会，以及社会网络和终身学习的机会。作为对这些挑战的回应，这项研究打算回答以下研究问题：老年人如何在不同的城市、社会和文化背景下体验老龄化和归属感？城市环境可以以哪些方式支持老年人就地老龄化的权利？如果老年友好型城市和社区要支持生活在不同城市和文化背景下的老年人的地域感需求，它们会是什么样子？在回答这些问题时，本研究建立在现有ESRC城市转型补助金(ES/N013220/1)的基础上，探索居住在英国(爱丁堡、曼彻斯特和格拉斯哥)和巴西(佩洛塔斯、阿雷格里港和巴西利亚)六个案例研究城市的18个社区(不同密度和收入水平)的老年人如何体验地方感。拟议研究的目的是将对城市环境老龄化的跨国理解扩展到印度的三个案例研究城市(德里、加尔各答、海得拉巴)。这将提供一个独特的洞察力，了解老年人如何在印度多样化和变革的城市环境中经历老龄化和位置，提供知识交流的机会，允许在印度、英国和巴西的案例研究城市内和之间进行比较分析，并确定明确的政策和实践路线。我们将使用一系列方法来实现项目目标，包括地方感调查和半结构化访谈，以及体验式方法，包括步行、照片日记和社区地图绘制练习，以满足老年人基于地点的需求。这项研究将采用以社区为基础的参与性方法，将所有利益攸关方聚集在一个合作对话和共同设计的过程中，以挑战在为老年人而不是与老年人进行规划时存在的等级权力关系。这些成果将被用于共同创造造地工具和资源，这些工具和资源对于为印度老年人设计适合年龄的环境至关重要，这些环境可以在不同的文化、社会和福利背景下工作。将通过正在进行的和项目结束的知识翻译活动向社区、政策制定者、实践者和学术受众传播调查结果。项目设计中蕴含着机会，使来自印度、英国和巴西的研究人员能够聚集在一起，交流研究结果，分享方法见解，并塑造研究过程。

Population ageing and increasing urbanisation are two dominant societal trends of the 21st Century. By 2030 two-thirds of the global population will be living in cities and at least a quarter of those urban populations will be aged over 60. Developing urban environments that support and promote healthy living for older people has become a key driver of urban policy and interventions at a local and national level, resulting in planning design concepts and guidelines to support an ageing population. However, current urban planning and development models have overlooked how environments can support a sense of place, articulated through supports for active living, social participation and making a positive contribution to the community. Ageing successfully at home and in the community requires people are able to access 'assets and resources' to support healthy ageing, e.g. transport, adequate housing, healthcare services, and leisure opportunities alongside social networks and opportunities for lifelong learning. Responding to these challenges, this research intends to answer the following research questions: How do older adults experience ageing and sense of place across different urban, social and cultural contexts? In what ways can urban environments support the rights of older people to age in place? What would age-friendly cities and communities look like if they are to support the sense of place needs of older adults living across different urban and cultural contexts? In answering these questions, this research builds upon an existing ESRC Urban Transformations grant (ES/N013220/1) being undertaken exploring how sense of place is experienced by older adults living in 18 neighbourhoods (of varying densities and income levels) across six case study cities in the UK (Edinburgh, Manchester and Glasgow) and Brazil (Pelotas, Porto Alegre, and Brasilia). The aim of the proposed research is to expand transnational understandings of ageing in urban environments to three case study cities in India (Delhi, Calcutta, Hyderabad). This will offer a unique insight into how older adults experience ageing and place across diverse and transformative urban environments in India, providing opportunities for knowledge exchange, allowing for comparative analysis within and across case study cities in India, UK and Brazil, and identifying clear routes to policy and practice.We will use a range of methods to achieve the project aims including sense of place surveys and semi-structured interviews alongside experiential methods including 'go along' walks, photo diaries and community mapping exercises to capture the place-based needs of older adults. A community-based participatory approach will be adopted to the research, bringing together all stakeholders in a process of collaborative dialogue and co-design to challenge the hierarchical power relationships that exist when planning 'for' and not 'with' older people. The results will be used to co-create place-making tools and resources which are essential for designing age friendly environments for older adults in India that work across different cultural, social and welfare contexts. Findings will be disseminated to community, policymaker, practitioner and academic audiences through ongoing and end of project knowledge translation activities. Opportunities are built into the project design to allow for researchers from India, UK and Brasil to come together to exchange findings, share methodological insights and shape the research process.