Social and Political Change in Britain: Gallup Polls 1945-1991

自第二次世界大战以来，公众对关键政治、社会和经济问题的态度发生了怎样的变化？这些变化在不同的社会群体中是如何变化的？从20世纪30年代到21世纪初，盖洛普调查机构对英国公众的社会、政治和经济态度进行了大约3000次调查。当时，这些民意调查提供了宝贵的见解，了解公众如何看待关键问题、人物和当天发生的事件——政府、政党领导人、国际危机、对具体政策的支持等等——盖洛普每月报告和新闻媒体都报道了国家层面的结果。到目前为止，只有一小部分最初的调查被发现。康奈尔大学罗珀民意研究中心最近的一项发现揭示了一个真正的重要的盖洛普历史调查数据宝库——大约2500项调查，涵盖1945年至1991年期间——以“列二进制格式”存储，基于过时的IBM打孔卡，使大多数研究人员今天无法访问它们。对这些数据的处理和数字化是一项重大的技术挑战，但却为加深对20世纪40年代至90年代英国社会和政治变化的理解提供了前景。该项目将开发一个独特的数据集，使研究人员能够分析20世纪40年代至90年代之间的主要政治、经济和社会转变如何影响英国公众舆论的动态。首先，它将把1945年至1991年间盖洛普调查的所有代码本数字化（使研究人员可以在网上搜索）。它将进一步数字化大约700份包含与社会、政治和经济问题有关的调查（并将通过用户主导的活动专门选择其中100份调查，使研究人员能够提名这些调查优先进行数字化）。它还将创建一个“合并”的个人调查数据集，该数据集结合了对公众态度和人口统计数据的重复横断面测量——使研究人员能够跟踪公众舆论随时间的变化。利用这个新的数据资源，它将探索英国社会和政治态度的长期趋势，他们对关键事件的反应，以及他们在不同社会阶层之间的差异。该项目的目标如下：*将1945年至1991年期间由英国盖洛普民意调查所进行的所有调查的密码本数码化。*将由英国盖洛普民意调查于1945年至1991年间进行的700项个人调查，由列式二进制数据转换为现行软件和非专有格式。*根据个别调查创建一个合并的时间序列数据集，提供公众意见的重复横截面测量。*促进和促进其他研究人员使用这一新数据资源。*通过开发基于网络的数据可视化工具，使教育和公众能够使用民意的纵向数据。*使用这种新的数据基础设施来跟踪和理解英国公众舆论的长期动态，特别是不同群体（例如，按年龄划分的党派）。

How have public attitudes on key political, social and economic issues changed since the Second World War? How do those changes vary across different groups in society? From the 1930s to the early 2000s, the survey organisation Gallup conducted around three thousand surveys of the social, political and economic attitudes of the British public. At the time, these opinion polls provided valuable insights on how the public thought about key issues, personalities and events of the day - the government, the party leaders, international crises, support for specific policies, and so on - with national level results reported in monthly Gallup reports and in the news media. To date, only a small fraction of the original surveys have seen the light of day. A recent discovery by the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at the University of Cornell revealed a veritable treasure trove of important historical Gallup survey data - around 2,500 surveys covering the period between 1945 and 1991 - stored in 'column binary format' based on antiquated IBM punch cards, rendering them inaccessible to most researchers today. Processing and digitising this data presents a major technical challenge, but offers the prospect of enhancing understanding of social and political change in Britain between the 1940s and 1990s. This project will develop a unique dataset that enables researchers to analyse how the major political, economic, and social shifts between the 1940s and 1990s influenced the dynamics of public opinion in Britain. It will firstly digitise all the codebooks of all Gallup surveys over the period between 1945 and 1991 (making them searchable online by researchers). It will further digitise around 700 surveys that contain questions relating to social, political and economic issues (and will specifically select 100 of these surveys through a user-led exercise enabling researchers to nominate those surveys to be prioritised for digitisation). It will also create a 'merged' dataset of individual surveys that combines repeated cross-sectional measures of public attitudes and demographics - enabling researchers to track changes in public opinion by subgroup over time. Using this new data resource, it will explore long-term trends in social and political attitudes in Britain, their reaction to key events and how they vary across different cross-sections of society.The objectives of the project are as follows:* To digitise codebooks of all surveys conducted by the UK Gallup Poll between 1945 and 1991.* To convert 700 individual surveys conducted by the UK Gallup Poll between 1945 and 1991 from column binary data to current software and non-proprietary formats.* To create a merged time series dataset based on individual surveys that offers a repeated cross-sectional measures of public opinion. * To facilitate and promote the use of this new data resource by other researchers.* To enable educational and public use of longitudinal data on public opinion through the development of web-based data visualisation tools.* To use this new data infrastructure to track and understand long-term dynamics of public opinion in Britain, especially across different groups (e.g. partisans, by age).