Developing co-created smart city solutions for managed adaptation and monitoring of hydro-meteorological climate change related risk in Mexico

过去几十年来，拉丁美洲城市的急剧增长导致易受灾害影响的土地上的非正式住区的脆弱社区增加。这些社区受到与气候变化有关的风险的影响，如地表变化、温度变化、干旱、洪水和更具侵略性的飓风，因此需要提高这些社区的抵御能力。与新的大气条件有关的疾病是一些后果，进一步加剧了人们向城市的流离失所。随着城市地区的扩大，住房需求的增加加剧了目前的脆弱性、社会空间隔离和不平等水平。为了减少灾害，必须制定创新的、共同制定的战略来管理风险和提高抗灾能力。“智慧城市”的方法提供了一个综合的视角，建立了城市政府和技术承包商之间新兴合作的潜力。然而，这些技术解决方案往往依赖于自上而下的想法，这些想法不一定考虑到生活在贫穷非正式社区的人们的需求或使其受益。“智慧城市方法”面临的挑战反映出需要针对具体情况的战略和解决方案，以满足最弱势群体的需求。因此，该项目的目的是使城市社区能够监测和减轻与气候变化相关的风险，并使社区能够通过使用智慧城市解决方案共同创建本地自下而上的举措来制定适应这些风险的战略。该项目将开发一种交互式网络智能技术，使城市社区能够分享监测气候变化相关挑战的最佳实践，并允许他们与地方和国家机构以及其他相关利益攸关方密切合作，制定解决方案，加强有管理的适应。该研究围绕三个工作包进行，旨在解决以下问题：(i)当地社区和地方机构如何感知和适应与气候变化相关的风险，私营和公共部门组织在采取适应行动方面的作用是什么？（ii）共同创造的智能技术如何帮助社区监测和适应这些气候变化风险？（三）这种技术如何利用社区知识和经验，帮助制定和影响与气候变化有关的地方和国家政策？这项研究将集中在msamuxico市（Penón社区）的一个试点案例研究上，那里的一个传统社区正面临洪水风险的挑战。通过焦点小组和半结构化访谈，该研究将在社区成员、政府机构、非政府组织和其他利益相关者（包括支持机构）以及私营企业之间进行互动对话。这种对话将导致风险缓解战略和行动的发展，包括智能技术，将在项目中进行测试，以评估试点经验并将其推广到更大的城市地区。墨西哥城的风险管理经验教训有可能很容易在发展中国家传播。将通过参与确定、制定和测试风险监测、缓解和适应战略，增强社区的权能。受影响社区的社会、经济和政治方面，以及对气候变化风险的物理根源的理解，将有助于发展复原力，防止暴露于灾害的后果。最后，考虑到宏观规模和地方规模，认识到与当地社区和政策制定者的合作可以产生变化，该项目将提供最佳社区实践，以及参与者之间的互动和谈判机会，以提高复原力和减少脆弱性。

The sharp growth of Latin American cities in the last decades has led to an increase of vulnerable communities in informal settlements on land exposed to hazards. These are affected by climate change-related risks such as changes in surface, temperature, droughts, flooding, and more aggressive hurricanes, heightening the need to improve the resilience of such communities. Diseases associated with new atmospheric conditions are some of the consequences, further increasing the displacement of people towards cities. As urban areas expand, current levels of vulnerability, socio-spatial segregation and inequality are aggravated by an increasing demand of housing. In order to reduce disasters it is essential to develop innovative, co-created strategies for managing risk and increase resilience. 'Smart city' approaches offer an integrative perspective, establishing the potential for emerging collaboration between city governments and technology contractors. However, these technological solutions tend to be dependent with top-down ideas, which do not necessarily take into account the needs of, or benefit for people living in poor informal communities. Those challenges that 'smart cities approaches' are faced with reflect a need for context-specific strategies and solutions that respond to the needs of the most vulnerable. Therefore, the aim of this project is to enable city communities to monitor and mitigate climate change-related risks as well as enable communities to develop strategies to adapt to those risks through the co-creation of local, bottom-up initiatives using smart-city solutions.The project will develop an interactive networking smart-technology, enabling city-communities to share best practice on monitoring climate change-related challenges, and to allow them to create solutions that enhance managed adaptation, in close collaboration with local and national institutions, and other relevant stakeholders. The research is structured around three work packages aimed to address the following questions: (i) how do local communities and local institutions perceive and adapt to climate change-related risks and what are the roles of private and public sector organisations in taking adaptive action? (ii) how could a co-created smart-technology help communities to monitor and adapt to these climate change risks? (iii) how can this technology, using community knowledge and experience, help create and influence climate change-related local and national policies?The research will focus on a pilot case study in México City (Penón neighbourhood), where a traditional community is confronting flooding risk challenges. Using focus groups and semi-structured interviews, the research will implement an interactive dialogue between community members, government institutions, as well as NGOs and other stakeholders, including support agencies, and private businesses. This dialogue will result in the development of risk-mitigating strategies and actions, including smart technologies, which will be tested over the project, in order to evaluate pilot experiences and upscale these into a larger city area. Lessons learnt about risk management in Mexico City have the potential to be easily disseminated across the developing world.Communities will be empowered through engaging in identifying, developing and testing strategies for risk-monitoring, mitigation and adaptation. The social, economic and political aspects of impacted communities, as well as an understanding the the physical origins of climate change risks, will contribute to developing resilience and prevent the consequences of exposure to hazards. Finally, considering both the macro-scale and the local scale, understanding that change can emerge in collaboration with local communities and policy makers, the project will provide, along with best community practices, opportunities for interaction and negotiation between actors for increasing resilience and reducing vulnerability.