The Effect of Local Crime on Child Marriage, School Dropout, and Employment Outcomes: A Gender Perspective from India

印度目前的一个紧迫问题是如何公平地分配其高经济增长的利益，从而减轻贫困，减少社会中不同群体之间的不平等，增加经济参与，从而进一步经济增长。然而，越来越明显的是，印度在将经济增长与这些理想结果联系起来方面遇到了各种各样的困难，如果这些问题得不到解决，经济发展将面临严重停滞的风险。其中的关键问题是印度社会中妇女的经济和社会地位，这会影响她们的人力资本发展和参与劳动力市场，特别是正式劳动力市场（Afridi等人，2018;Klasen, 2017）。讨论的重点是现有证据表明妇女的经济机会减少，而家庭中男性成员的收入增加。然而，在讨论中，学校与婚姻或工作过渡的相关性以及它如何受到文化规范的影响并没有得到太多的关注。拟议的研究将利用IAA之前在2018年收到的非政府组织数据资金，该资金审查了非政府组织持有的数据，以了解印度的童工问题。这笔资金使PI得以与印度非政府组织“儿童权利与你”（Child Rights & You， CRY）建立联系，并对该组织持有的现有数据进行分析。这一范围界定工作表明，儿童权利倡议拥有大量未得到充分利用的青春期数据，并特别关注女童教育。这项研究将利用这种定量和定性数据，结合其他官方数据来源，审查性别不平等的三种表现形式：对妇女的犯罪以及性别中立的犯罪；孩子的婚姻;和女性辍学是相互关联的，它们共同抑制了女性劳动力市场的参与，并阻碍了这对印度经济的好处的实现。

A pressing current concern in India is how the benefits of its high economic growth may be distributed equitably, leading to poverty alleviation, a reduction in inequalities between different groups in society and an increased economic participation resulting in further economic growth. However, it has become increasingly clear that India has experienced various difficulties in linking economic growth to these desirable outcomes and risks a significant stalling in economic development if these issues are not addressed.Key issue amongst these is the economic and social status of women in Indian society which affects their human capital development and participation in the labour market, particularly the formal labour market (Afridi et al., 2018; Klasen, 2017). Discussion has centred on the existing evidence of less economic opportunities for women, and increasing income of male members of households. However, the relevance of school to marriage or work transition and how it is affected by cultural norms have not been given much attention in the discussion. The proposed research will draw upon previous IAA NGO data funding received in 2018 which examined the NGO held data to understand the issue of child labour in India. This funding allowed the PI to develop links with the Indian NGO, Child Rights & You (CRY), and scope the existing data held by the organisation. This scoping exercise revealed that CRY held significant, underutilised data on adolescence, with a specific focus on girls' education. The research will use this quantitative and qualitative data, combined with other official data sources, to examine how three manifestations of gender inequality: crime against women as well as gender neutral crime; child marriage; and female school drop-out, are interlinked and together inhibit female labour market participation and prevent the realisation of the benefits this has for the Indian economy.