Rewilding Scotland's Highlands: Life, death and the labour of nonhumans

与人类世的危害并列，重新野化为干预正在进行的生态丧失过程提供了希望，这已经定义了我们的现在，作为一种保护形式，能够纠正被剥夺和破坏的自然，并采取一系列行动，将自由和自治归还给非人类世界。《苏格兰高地的野生化：非人类的生、死和劳动》是基于对苏格兰高地的自然资源保护主义者和野生动物的12个月的民族志研究。在参与该地区的野生化工作和自然资源保护主义者的日常工作中，本研究对野生化与作为其项目一部分的植物和动物之间的新兴关系有了进一步的了解。这篇论文有助于对重新野生化及其类似形式的保护行动的新生民族志理解。它注意到与非人类生命的政治和伦理问题有关的再野生化工作。它为非人类人类学提供了一个案例，该人类学关注高原地区再野化的结构和组织，通过基础设施干预、鹿的管理和扑杀、非人类的野生劳动和干扰制度来检查野生栖息地的生产，以及这些干预和再野化的发展如何与该地区的土地管理和地理历史的特殊安排联系在一起。该研究表明，通过与非人类建立复杂而新颖的关系，回归自然会改变自然。这些非人类动物都会受到影响——比如被“人狼”吓到，或者被捕杀——也会被纳入到重新野化的工作中——比如把海狸和松貂转移到景观中执行某些任务，或者种植树木作为基础设施。因此，通过不同形式的工作——包括人类和非人类的工作——的适度、排斥和贡献，野生正在形成。通过这种方式，本研究提供了一个分析(a)该地区如何实施野生化和(b)在人类世如何（重新）创造自然。在这样做的过程中，它描述了人类与非人类的关系，这种关系正在苏格兰高地的新荒野中发展和发展。本研究是一项深入的实证和民族志研究，对一个地区的野生化进行了深入的研究，该地区的自然和土地治理发生了重大的历史和当代变化。当我们发现自己不仅与损失和毁灭的过程纠缠在一起，而且与恢复和创造自然的尝试——非人类世界的（再）生产——纠缠在一起时，它是相关的。在对这些作品的质疑中，本研究以其目前的形式考察了野化的潜力和局限性，为新的自然解放组合，在野化的实施过程中对其进行了争论，并提出了一系列目前新颖且在公共话语中基本缺失的问题。

Juxtaposed with the harm of the Anthropocene, rewilding offers hope for intervening in the ongoing processes of ecological loss which have come to define our present, forwarded as a form of conservation capable of redressing denuded and damaged natures and a set of actions for returning freedom and autonomy to nonhuman worlds. 'Rewilding Scotland's Highlands: Life, Death and the Labour of Nonhumans' is based on 12-months of ethnographic research with conservationists and rewilders in the Scottish Highlands. In attending to the work of rewilding and the daily labour of conservationists in this region, this study develops an understanding of rewilding's emergent relationships with the plants and animals made a part of its project. This thesis contributes to a nascent ethnographic understanding of rewilding and its analogous forms of conservation action. It is attentive to the work of rewilding in relation to political and ethical questions regarding the lives of nonhuman beings. It makes the case for a nonhuman anthropology that attends to the structure and organisation of rewilding in the Highlands, examining the production of wild habitats through infrastructural interventions, the management and culling of deer, the wild labour of nonhuman beings and disturbance regimes - and how these interventions, and the development of rewilding, are tied up with the region's particular arrangement of land management and geographical history. The study suggests that rewilding transforms natures through complex and novel relationships with nonhuman beings. These nonhumans are both acted on - for example by being scared by 'human-wolves' or killed as part of culls - and are folded into the work of rewilding - for example through the translocation of beavers and pine marten to perform certain tasks in the landscape, or the planting of trees as infrastructure. Thus, wildness is being brought into being through the moderation, exclusion and contribution of different forms of work - both human and nonhuman. Approached in this way, this study offers an analysis of (a) how rewilding is being enacted in the region and (b) how natures are being (re)made in the Anthropocene. In doing so, it describes the human-nonhuman relationships which are being worked, and grown, into the new wilds of Scotland's Highlands.This research is an in-depth empirical and ethnographic study of rewilding in a region made subject to significant historical and contemporary changes to the governance of its nature and land. It is pertinent at a moment when we find ourselves not only tangled up with processes of loss and destruction, but also with attempts to restore and produce natures: the (re)production of nonhuman worlds. In interrogating these works, this research examines the potential and the limits of rewilding, in its present form, for new liberatory assemblages of nature, contesting rewilding as its being enacted and raising a set of questions presently novel and largely absent from public discourse.