EXperimenting with city streets to TRAnsform urban mobility (EX-TRA)

在整个欧洲，城市正试图从根本上减少对汽车出行的依赖，以应对各种可持续性挑战。然而，有两个主要的缺点阻碍了建设“后汽车”城市的努力：第一，它们缺乏对城市的前瞻性愿景，这些城市不仅是可持续的，而且没有汽车也可以进入;第二，它们缺乏有效的战略来应对对改变现状的强大的、内在的系统性阻力。该项目将产生解决这些缺陷的知识。EX-TRA方法的核心是城市街道的过渡实验，或“街道使用、监管和/或形式的有意、临时变化”，旨在探索“后汽车城市”的系统性变化。通过在阿姆斯特丹、博洛尼亚、米兰、根特、慕尼黑和伦敦的城市生活实验室，我们将深入了解：（1）物理设计和监管的可能组合，以增加城市街道使用者的使用类型和包容性;（2）交通和土地使用条件，以实现和改善城市地区的步行和骑自行车无障碍性;（3）共享交通平台和微型交通及货物交付选项，以补充有吸引力的街道和无障碍地区;以及（4）可以加速向“后汽车”城市过渡的变革战略。

Across Europe, cities are attempting to radically reduce their reliance on car-based mobility in order to address a full range of sustainability challenges. Two major shortcomings, however, are hindering these efforts towards a 'post-car' city: first, they lack proactive vision towards cities that are not only sustainable but also accessible without cars, and second, they lack effective strategies to deal with strong, built-in systemic resistance to a change of the status quo. This project will generate knowledge addressing these shortcomings. Central to EX-TRA's approach are transition experiments in city streets, or 'intentional, temporary changes in street use, regulation and/or form, aimed at exploring systemic change towards a 'post-car' city'. By way of urban living labs in Amsterdam, Bologna, Milan, Ghent, Munich and London, we will generate insights into: (1) possible combinations of physical design and regulation that increase the types of usage and inclusivity amongst users of city streets; (2) transport and land use conditions for the purpose of enabling and improving walking and cycling accessibility in city districts; (3) shared mobility platforms and micro-mobility and freight delivery options which complement attractive streets and accessible districts; and (4) strategies of change that can accelerate the transition towards a 'post-car' city.