ReViewing Physical Activity in Older Adulthood

老年人增加身体活动有助于减少、延缓甚至扭转慢性疾病的发展，并可改善行动能力、增进福祉和减少社会孤立。然而，大多数老年人没有足够的体育活动来受益。其中一些可能是由于社会对老年人能做什么和不能做什么的负面刻板印象，以及对老年人虚弱和无能的描述。消极的刻板印象使老年人在活动场所感到不受欢迎或不被接受，阻碍了身体活动并减少了社会支持。它们还可以阻止促进身体活动的产品和服务提供商为老年人提供服务。该项目旨在通过制作“触发电影”来挑战和扭转对衰老和体育活动的负面刻板印象，从而引发社会观念和态度的转变，促使人们以不同的方式看待事物。这需要在全社会层面采取行动。其他被污名化群体的态度和规范的文化和社会变化受到引起公众注意的具体、难忘时刻的影响。例如，电视节目中有关于同性恋恐惧症和心理健康的煽动性故事情节，或者大卫·阿滕伯勒的《蓝色星球》引发了公众、政策和行业的联合行动，以减少塑料的使用。该项目将分三个阶段运行；第一阶段将涉及开发挑衅性的电影内容，第二阶段将探索如何利用它来引出刻板印象和具有挑战性的对话，第三阶段我们将与利益相关者合作，探索如何大规模实施。在第一阶段，我们将招募来自不同社会阶层的6个多代家庭或朋友小组，并与他们一起拍摄他们在体育活动环境中导航的经历，让他们一起走出自己的舒适区。我们将与创意产业合作，捕捉新颖，令人惊讶的镜头，并在理想情况下引发情感反应。在第二阶段，我们将把公众带到巴斯大学的电视演播室，拍摄他们观看原型电影的过程，并捕捉他们对所看到的东西毫无防备的最初反应。第一阶段和第二阶段的精选片段将被专业编辑在一起，形成最终的触发电影（或电影）。编辑决定将与创意产业合作伙伴和参与第一阶段的家庭代表合作；其目的是将娱乐价值和新颖性最大化，同时仍然反映老年人希望如何被代表，并避免认可负面的刻板印象。在第三阶段，我们将与包括行业（创意，体育，活动，健康等），政府和第三部门组织以及公众在内的利益相关者一起举办研讨会，探讨如何最好地利用和发展触发电影，以开始挑战社会刻板印象。我们将使用通过这一最后过程产生的证据作为支持该方法的基础，在本研究的生命周期之后，确定一些早期采用者，以进一步发展和应用这一概念。

Increasing physical activity in older age helps to reduce, delay or even reverse the development of chronic diseases, and can improve mobility, enhance wellbeing and reduce social isolation. However, most older adults don't get enough physical activity to benefit. Some of this may be due to negative social stereotypes about what older adults can and cannot do, and depictions of older people as frail and incapable. Negative stereotypes make older adults feel less welcome or accepted in the spaces where activity happens, deter physical activity and reduce social support. They can also deter the providers of products and services that promote physical activity from catering for older adults.This project aims to challenge and reverse negative stereotyping of ageing and physical activity through creating 'trigger films' to spark a societal shift in opinions and attitudes, prompting people to see things differently. This needs action at a whole-society level. Cultural and social changes in attitudes and norms in other stigmatised groups have been influenced by specific, memorable moments that caught public attention. For example, TV shows with provocative storylines about homophobia and mental health, or David Attenborough's Blue Planet triggering combined public, policy and industry action to reduce plastic use. The project will run in three phases; Phase 1 will involve the development of provocative film content, Phase 2 will explore how we can use this to elicit stereotypes and challenging conversations, and in Phase 3 we will work with stakeholders to explore how this could be implemented at scale. In Phase 1 we will recruit 6 multi-generational groups of family or friends from different segments of society, and work with them to film their experiences of navigating physical activity settings that put them out of their comfort zones together. We will work with creative industries to capture footage that is novel, surprising and ideally that provokes emotional reactions. In Phase 2, we will bring members of the public into the TV studios at the University of Bath to film them watching the prototype films, and capture their unguarded initial responses to what they see. Selected exerts of Phase 1 and Phase 2 footage will be professionally edited together to form a final trigger film (or films). Editorial decisions will be made in collaboration with creative industry partners and representatives from the families involved in Phase 1; the aim will be to maximise entertainment value and novelty, while still reflecting how older adults would like to be represented and avoiding the endorsement of negative stereotypes. In Phase 3 we will run workshops with stakeholders including industry (creative, sports, activity, health and other), governmental and third sector organisations, and the public to explore how we could best use and develop the trigger films at scale to start challenging social stereotypes. We will use the evidence generated through this final process as a basis for championing the approach beyond the lifespan of the present study, to identify some early adopters for further development and application of the concept.