Showering Smartly. The impact of real-time feedback to nudge shower users to save water, energy and carbon emissions.

淡水供应面临严重压力（20），并随着气候变化而恶化（21,22）。到2050年，英国将面临严重的水资源短缺（23）。此外，英国水务部门承诺，到2030年实现净零排放需要减少水需求（24）。淋浴是家庭中最（能源和）用水密集的活动（25），因此敦促用户减少淋浴时间是一种有效的干预措施，可以节省能源、水和排放。例如，减少22%的家庭淋浴时间相当于减少5%的家庭总能源（26）。我的博士经验证明，使用Aguardio（一种提供实时反馈的智能节水设备），旅游住宿的淋浴量减少了14%。此外，当添加有说服力的信息时，淋浴减少增加到27%，揭示了最大限度提高能源和水使用效率的潜力（在https://youtu.be/3puOMKnvYeA观看视频摘要）。我的全面测试对这项技术背后的丹麦初创公司Aguardio ApS至关重要，该公司获得了40万英镑的私人和公共投资，用于重新设计和制造新的Aguardio市场产品，该产品将于2021年2月上市。Aguardio允许基于实际的淋浴行为来测量行为干预的效果，提供了许多经验测试心理社会学结构的机会，而不是依赖于行为意图，这是文献中的一个常见缺点。因此，这种合作关系有助于如何更好地说服消费者采取更有利于环境的行动，特别是在促进节约用水方面，这在很大程度上是尚未探索的领域。该研究金的目的是，首先，通过使用Aguardio和相关的行为改变技术在有说服力的信息中应用，在宿舍里发展行为干预措施，促进节约用水方面的知识。第二，通过参加会议和贸易展览会、在学术和非学术来源上发表研究结果以及定期更新项目网站（https://showeringsmartly.com/）来传播这些知识。第三，通过与不同部门（如酒店、宿舍、水务公司等）合作，鼓励企业安装Aguardio并制定干预措施，从而扩大影响。最后，准备资金投标并发展我的学术技能，特别是在先进的定量研究方法方面，充分利用在此期间和之后可以获得的大数据。我获得博士学位后获得的影响加速器（IAA）和GCRF资助促进了与联合国环境规划署、安格里安水务公司、L' oracimal、希尔顿酒店及度假村、丹麦驻伦敦大使馆或萨里大学宿舍的合作，反映了阿瓜地奥吸引了来自不同组织和部门的潜在兴趣。这项奖学金将允许我继续为他们提供证据，激励他们使用阿瓜地奥来促进水资源保护，这样影响就可以升级。此外，通过在不同的组织中安装Aguardio，我将有机会访问大数据，通过在不同背景下的行为干预，为未来研究真实行为提供前所未有的机会，在有限的时间内极大地增加学术、社会和环境影响。最终，该项目将发展有关消费者淋浴行为的知识和优化沟通策略的方法，以促进亲环境行为，为全面理解个人和组织如何参与用水建立基础，目前研究不足。

Freshwater availability is under severe pressure(20), worsening with climate change(21,22). England is on the way to suffer from serious water shortages by 2050(23). Also, reducing water demand is needed to achieve net-zero emissions by 2030, committed by the UK water sector(24). Showering is the most (energy and) water-intensive activity in households(25), so nudging users to reduce shower time is an effective intervention leading to energy, water and emissions savings. For instance, a 22% reduction in shower time in households is equivalent to a 5% reduction of the total household energy(26). My PhD proved empirically that using Aguardio, a smart water-saving device that provides real-time feedback, led to a 14% shower reduction in tourism accommodations. Moreover, when persuasive messages were added, shower reduction increased to up to 27%, unveiling the potential to maximise energy and water use efficiency (watch video summary in https://youtu.be/3puOMKnvYeA). My thorough tests have been essential for Aguardio ApS, the Danish start-up behind the technology, to secure £400k private and public investment to redesign and manufacture the new Aguardio market-ready product, available since February 2021.Aguardio allows measuring the effect of behavioural interventions based on actual showering behaviour, providing many opportunities to empirically test psycho-sociological constructs, instead of relying on behavioural intentions, a common shortcoming in the literature. Thus, this fellowship contributes to the largely unexplored fields of how to better persuade consumers to act more pro-environmentally, particularly in fostering water conservation. The fellowship aims, first, to advance knowledge in fostering water conservation by developing behavioural interventions in halls of residence using Aguardio and relevant behavioural change techniques applied in persuasive messages. Second, to disseminate that knowledge by participating in conferences and trade fairs, by publishing the findings in academic and non-academic sources, and by regularly updating the project website (https://showeringsmartly.com/). Third, to escalate the impact by engaging with different sectors (e.g. hospitality, halls of residence, water companies, etc.) encouraging businesses to install Aguardio and develop interventions. And last, to prepare funding bids and develop my academic skills, particularly in advanced quantitative research methods, taking full advantage of the big data that will be available during and after this fellowship.The impact accelerator (IAA) and GCRF fundings awarded after my PhD have facilitated the engagement with the United Nations Environmental Programme, Anglian Water, L'Oréal, Hilton Hotels & Resorts, the Danish Embassy in London, or the University of Surrey halls of residence, reflecting the potential interest that Aguardio draws from different organisations and sectors. The fellowship will allow me to continue providing them with evidence to motivate them to use Aguardio to foster water conservation, so the impact can be escalated. Moreover, through the installation of Aguardio in different organisations, I will have access to big data, offering unprecedented opportunities for future research on real behaviour through behavioural interventions in different contexts, highly increasing the academic, societal and environmental impact that the fellowship on its limited timeframe can create. Ultimately, this fellowship will develop the knowledge about consumers' shower behaviour and ways to optimise communication strategies to foster pro-environmental behaviour, setting up the basis for a holistic understanding of how individuals and organisations engage with water use, currently under-researched.