Cross-signing in the UK and Japan.

[背景]不熟悉手语的人往往不确定手语是否具有普遍性。事实上，手语并不是一种通用语言：每个国家（有时是国家内的不同地区）都有自己的手语。在内陆国家的欧洲大陆，国际符号在会议期间使用。在岛国英国和日本，研究的重点是地区性的手语，而不是不同手语之间的交流。在聋人的民间传说中，使用不同手语的聋人相遇，大约30分钟后就能进行基本的对话。这可能是因为手语是一种高度视觉化的语言，聋人擅长视觉交流。这种现象最近被称为“交叉签名”，并在认知语言学和交流领域引起了相当大的关注（Zeshan，2015; Byun等人，2017年）。【目的】研究不同地区、不同国家的聋人在跨手语交际中的参与情况，分析在视频会议系统中手语交际风格的即兴和变化。[研究方法]我们将进行调查，语言和互动分析。此外，还将设计下一代手语语料库，使用人工智能技术检测动作以进行注释。将进行访谈，以澄清聋人对视频会议通信的态度，并将分发大规模问卷，以确定在COVID-19大流行前后使用视频会议系统的时间，通过这种方式交流的人数以及使用的手语类型（根据地区和世代）。这项研究将集中在手语表达的变化，由于在视频会议期间的语言接触，考虑translanguaging和交叉签名的做法。交互分析将考虑基本的CA概念，如话轮转换和修复序列。【科学意义】这项研究的科学意义在于了解手语使用者如何受到COVID-19大流行所引发的沟通环境重大变化的影响。这种情况是信息技术迅速渗透到使用特定语言的社区的罕见例子，在文化人类学和语言人类学方面具有重要意义，特别是考虑到人类将来可能会遇到类似的情况。

[Background] Individuals unfamiliar with sign language are often unsure if it is universal. In fact, sign language is not a universal language: each country, (and sometimes different regions within countries) has its own sign language. In mainland Europe, which is characterised by landlocked countries, International Sign is used during meetings. In the UK and Japan, which are island nations, research has focused more on regional sign language than on contact between different sign languages.In Deaf people's folklore, when deaf individuals who use different sign languages encounter one another, they are capable of engaging in basic conversation after around 30 minutes. This is likely because sign language is a highly visual language and deaf people are skilled in visual communication. This phenomenon has recently been labelled 'cross-signing', and has attracted considerable attention in the fields of cognitive linguistics and communication (Zeshan, 2015; Byun et al., 2017).[Target] This study focuses on how deaf people from different regions and different countries participate in translanguaging when cross-signing, which is a specific feature of communications among deaf people, and analyses improvisations and changes in sign language communication styles in the context of video conferencing systems. [Research Methods] We will perform surveys, and language and interaction analyses. Also, a next-generation sign language corpus will be devised, with movements detected using AI techniques for annotation purposes. Interviews will be performed to clarify deaf people's attitudes towards video conferencing communications, and a large-scale questionnaire will be distributed to determine the time spent using video conferencing systems, the number of people communicated with via this modality, and the type of sign language used (according to region and generation) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This research will focus on changes in sign language expressions due to language contact during video conferences, considering translanguaging and cross-signing practices. The interaction analysis will consider basic CA concepts, such as turn-taking and repair sequences.[Scientific Significance] The scientific significance of this research is to understand how sign language users have been affected by the major changes in the communication environment precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation is a rare example of rapid penetration of information technology into a community using a specific language, and has significance in terms of cultural anthropology and linguistic anthropology, especially given that humanity may encounter a similar situation in the future.