Evaluating the interrelated impacts of commodity agriculture, market access, and forest conservation on food security in tropical landscape

生计和粮食安全可通过多种相互关联的途径对热带土地利用变化作出反应，包括农业扩张、市场一体化和养护政策之间的相互作用。尽管有许多研究评估了森林养护方案对生计的影响，承认市场准入对减轻贫穷的作用，以及热带商品农业发展的社会和环境后果，但很少对这三项土地利用政策对生计和粮食安全的影响进行集体评价。此外，粮食安全的多层面问题以及与各种养护计划(保护区与基于社区的土地管理相比)和农业生产模式(单一种植园与多种耕作和农林小规模种植园相比)有关的外部因素并未经常得到评估。本项目试图通过分析各种森林养护计划和农业生产模式对粮食安全的相互关联影响以及这种影响如何与市场准入相互作用来解决这一问题。粮食安全是通过多维指标衡量的。利用印度尼西亚文化和生物多样性国家的数据，该项目将在考虑到市场准入、土地生产力和社会治理环境的情况下，就分配给商品农业和热带景观养护的土地的适当分布和大小提出新的见解和建议，以实现更公平的生计和粮食安全结果。该项目的主要产品将包括：(1)同行评审出版物：(1)分析印度尼西亚商品农业和森林养护的扩大及其与市场准入、土地生产力、土地治理和社会人口特征变化的关系，以及(2)评估森林保护和商品农业对多层面粮食安全的相互关联影响，以及这种影响如何因市场准入而变化；(2)2000年至2020年期间印度尼西亚五大岛屿地区一级多种农业系统和森林养护举措的分布变化，以及生物物理和社会经济条件的相关变化的新数据联系。(3)在印度尼西亚的大学开展土地利用变化和粮食安全分析方面的培训和能力建设。(4)政策简报，附有信息图，概述研究结果，为改进土地利用规划的政策讨论提供信息。(5)在线地图平台，允许用户可视化印尼各地多种农业系统、森林保护倡议和市场准入指标随时间的分布变化，为可持续发展规划提供信息。

There are multiple interrelated pathways by which livelihoods and food security may respond to tropical land use changes, including interactions between agricultural expansion, market integration, and conservation policies. Despite numerous studies evaluating the impact of forest conservation programmes on livelihoods, recognition of the role of market access to poverty alleviation, and the social and environmental consequences of commodity agriculture development in the tropics, the implication of these three land use policies on livelihoods and food security is rarely appraised collectively. In addition, multidimensional aspects of food security and external factors associated with various conservation schemes (protected area compared to community-based land management) and agricultural production models (monoculture plantations compared to polyculture and agroforestry smallholdings) are not frequently evaluated.This project seeks to address this issue by analysing the interrelated impacts of various forest conservation scheme and agricultural production model on food security and how this interacts with access to markets. Food security is measured via multidimensional indicators. Using data from the culturally and biologically diverse country of Indonesia, the project will offer novel insights and recommendations on the appropriate distribution and size of lands allocated to commodity agriculture and conservation in tropical landscapes, given market accessibility, land productivity, and socio-governance contexts, in order to achieve more equitable livelihood and food security outcomes.Key products of this project will include: (1) Peer-reviewed publications: (i) analysing the expansion of commodity agriculture and forest conservation in Indonesia and how they relate to change in market accessibility, land productivity, land governance, and socio-demographic features, and (ii) evaluating the interrelated impacts of forest protection and commodity agriculture on multi-dimensional food security, and how this varies by market accessibility; (2) New data linkages of the change in the distribution of multiple agricultural systems and forest conservation initiatives at a district level between 2000 and 2020 across five major Indonesian islands, and the associated changes in biophysical and socioeconomic conditions. (3) Training and capacity building on land use change and food security analysis at universities in Indonesia. (4) A policy brief with an infographic outlining research findings to inform policy discussions on improved land use planning.(5) An online mapping platform that allows users to visualize the change in the distribution of multiple agricultural systems, forest conservation initiatives, and market access indicators through time across Indonesia to inform sustainable development planning.