Constructing the illiberal citizen? Radicalisation prevention, counter-terrorism, and the media in the UK

反恐和激进化预防政策不是只影响某些个人和领域的外围话语和实践，而是应该被理解为对公民自由和人权具有严重影响的工具（Donohue 2008; Jarvis & Lister 2015）。这些政策还对身份的构成和在更广泛的人口中促进态度和行为产生更微妙的影响。我的博士研究产生了新的知识，如何恐怖主义威胁的概念化和实践和战略，以应对它已经经历了实质性的转变，在过去的15年在英国。2005年伦敦发生“7/7爆炸案”后，对国家安全的威胁开始被界定为“激进个人”、“本土极端分子”和“危险”或“脆弱”个人（Elshimi 2017）。最近反激进议程的发展包括大规模监视、去激进化以及越来越多地呼吁公众参与反恐。我的研究调查了这种戏剧性的转变及其在日常生活和公民经历的不同方面的影响。我的研究表明，通过分析官方话语、政策和媒体报道，以及绘制公民的观点和看法，英国恐怖主义威胁的流行和机构概念发生了实质性转变。调查媒体在传播激进主义新想象中的作用，采访“普通”公民，为理解公众如何在很大程度上吸收这些新的话语和实践提供了新的视角。这项研究对探讨公民、特别是妇女在国家安全方面的新作用及其严重影响作出了原创性贡献。因此，我的研究提供了有价值的见解，即如何将反恐理解为一种有影响力的政府工具，而不仅仅是我们日常生活的一个边缘方面。这项研究采用了一种混合方法，包括对官方文件（如反恐政策、议会辩论和报告）、媒体报道和针对广大公众的反恐培训的分析。这种方法还辅以社交媒体分析和对公民的一对一访谈，这些公民对恐怖主义和反激进主义的了解是通过媒体消费获得的。我的博士研究为正在进行的关于全球“反恐战争”背景下的国家安全实践的辩论做出了原创性贡献；一个新兴的关于先发制人的反恐的国际研究机构；重要的安全研究；还有媒体和性别研究。在此奖学金期间，我将通过在高级期刊上发表三篇同行评议文章，传播我的发现，并建立一个学术和社会行动者的国际网络，为理解反激进化战略的复杂影响做出贡献。为了增进我们对新的国家安全做法的问题影响的理解和提高社会意识，以及提出替代解决方案，该网络将举行一次国际在线研讨会，并制作一份报告向更广泛的受众传播。我还将通过为致力于公民自由和人权的组织撰写两份报告，向非学术受众传播我的工作，这些组织试图影响反激进化政策。这一点，加上对和平与冲突研究的主要研究机构（国家和平与冲突研究中心，见附件9）的研究访问和额外的培训，将有助于我成为我所在领域的主要研究人员。我还将申请资助ESRC的新调查员计划，以推进我对巴斯克地区记忆与和平建设进程的研究。

Counter-terrorism and radicalisation prevention policies are not peripheral discourses and practices that affect only certain individuals and spheres, but should be understood as instruments that have serious implications for civil liberties and human rights (Donohue 2008; Jarvis & Lister 2015). These policies also have more subtle effects on the constitution of identities and the promotion of attitudes and behaviours within the wider population. My PhD research has generated new knowledge on how the conceptualisation of the terrorism threat and the practices and strategies to counter it have undergone substantial transformations over the last fifteen years in the UK. Following the "7/7 bombings" in London in 2005, the threat to the nation's security started to be identified with "radicalised individuals", "home-grown extremists", and "risky" or "vulnerable" individuals (Elshimi 2017). The recent development of a counter-radicalisation agenda includes practices of mass-surveillance, de-radicalisation, and a growing call for public participation in counter-terrorism. My research has investigated this dramatic shift and its implications in different aspects of everyday life and citizens' experiences. My research has shown the substantive transformation of popular and institutional conceptions of the terrorist threat in the UK by analysing official discourses, policies and media coverage, and mapping citizens' views and perceptions. Investigating the role of the media in the dissemination of new imaginaries of radicalisation and interviewing "ordinary" citizens has provided novel perspectives to understand how the general public largely assimilates these new discourses and practices. The study has made an original contribution to exploring the new roles assigned to citizens, and particularly to women, in national security and its grave implications. Thus, my research has provided valuable insights into how, far from being a marginal aspect of our everyday life, counter-terrorism should be understood as an influential instrument of government. The study employed a mixed methodological approach comprising the analysis of official documents (such as counter-terrorism policies, parliamentary debates, and reports), media coverage, and counter-terrorism training directed at the broad public. This approach was complemented by social media analysis and one-to-one interviews with citizens whose knowledge about terrorism and counter-radicalisation was informed by media consumption. My doctoral research makes an original contribution to ongoing debates on national security practices in the context of the global "war on terror"; to an emerging body of international research on pre-emptive counter-terrorism; to critical security studies; and to media and gender studies.During this Fellowship, I will contribute to the understanding of the complex impacts of counter-radicalisation strategies by disseminating my findings in three peer-reviewed articles in high-ranking journals and creating an international network of academic and social actors. In order to enhance our understanding and increase the social awareness of the problematic effects of the new national security practices, as well as to produce alternative solutions, the network will hold an international online symposium and produce a report to disseminate to wider audiences. I will also disseminate my work to non-academic audiences by writing two reports for organisations committed to civil liberties and human rights seeking to influence counter-radicalisation policies. This, together with a research visit to a leading research organisation on peace and conflict studies (the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, see Attach. 9) and additional training will help to establish me as a leading researcher in my field. I will also apply for funding to the ESRC's New Investigator scheme to advance my research on memory and peace-building processes in the Basque Country.