RESEARCH SYNTHESIS: OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND ADM OUTCOME

这项建议的长期目标是：(1)开发一种系统 适用于相关文献的定量综合 各种职业压力源对身心健康的影响 健康障碍，(2)确定哪些风险因素强烈 以及(3)将这一知识应用于 具体干预措施的设计和评估。现在存在着 完成所提出的研究综合的量化程序， 以及与工作场所中发现的各种风险因素有关的文献 酒精、毒品和精神健康(ADM)问题足够大，以至于 需要这样的分析。例如，这样的方法将识别和解释 在文学中的矛盾和估计的规模 推测应激源与ADM结局之间的关系。 这项拟议的工作汇集了一组研究方法学家和 拥有完成这些任务所需技能的内容专家 目标。方法学家一直在参与扩展 元分析“技术由Glass(1977)发展到各种应用领域 与职业压力相似的研究环境 文学。同样，其他方法学家也采用了这些分析 方法来处理表征此对象的类型的相关结果 研究文献。这两种方法论的结合 发展对拟议研究的适当进行至关重要。 综合。 同样重要的是内容领域的知识，尤其是 了解在该职业中使用的许多变量和措施 研究性研究。内容团队有二十多年的经验和 包含在该地区进行过开创性研究的成员。他们会 为研究的检索和编码提供概念性指导。 本项目将特别关注广泛的相关文献。 职业压力源是ADM障碍的影响因素。在这两年里 在这个拟议的研究项目中，至少有两个独立的主要分析 将会进行。将进行单独的综合研究，使用 客观和主观定义的压力源，以避免出现问题 结合不可比的衡量标准。为了实现这一点，一个特定的 编码和分析系统将在第一年开发。 随后的分析将检查各个类别的压力源(例如， 角色压力、环境等)，如有必要(即，效果的变化 规模估计不是由于抽样误差)，以及各种因素的影响 调节变量(例如，个人倾向、情景 因素等)

The long-term objectives of this proposal are: (1) to develop a system appropriate for the quantitative synthesis of the literature relating various occupational stressors as risk factors for physical and mental health disorders, (2) to determine which risk factors are strongly associated with such adverse outcomes, and (3) to apply this knowledge to the design and evaluation of specific interventions. There now exist quanitative procedures for accomplishing the research synthesis proposed, and the literature relating various risk factors found in the workplace to alcohol, drug, and mental health (ADM) problems is sufficiently large as to require such analysis. For example, such methods will identify and explain contradictions in the literature and estimate the magnitude of the relationships between presumed stressors and ADM outcomes. The proposed work brings together a team of research methodologists and content specialists who have requisite skills to accomplish these objectives. The methodologists have been involved in extending the meta-analysis" techniques developed by Glass (1977) to a variety of applied research settings similar to those found in the occupational stress literature. Similarly, other methodologists have adapted these analytic methods to handle correlational results of the type that characterize this research literature. The combination of both these methodological developments are essential to the proper conduct of the proposed research synthesis. Equally important is knowledge of the content area, especially an understanding of the many variables and measures used in this occupational research studies. The content team has over two decades of experience and contains members who have conducted seminal studies in the area. They will provide conceptual guidance in the retrieval and coding of the studies. This project will focus specifically on the extensive literature relating occupational stressors as factors for ADM disorders. During the two years of this proposed research project, at least two separate major analyses will be conducted. Separate syntheses will be performed of studies using objectively and subjectively defined stressors to avoid problems in combining noncomparable measures. In order to accomplish this a specific coding and analysis system will be developed during the first year. Subsequent analyses will examine individual categories of stressors (e.g., role strains, environment, etc.), if necessary (i.e., variation in effect size estimates are not due to sampling error), and the influence of various moderating variables (e.g., individual predispositions, situational factors, etc.)