STUDIES OF RADIATION-INDUCED CANCER

通过以下途径寻求对辐射和癌症风险的新认识： 对受各种形式辐射影响的人群的研究。 致癌机制是通过分子研究来研究的。 向国家和国际机构提供广泛的咨询意见。 (1)对爱沙尼亚切尔诺贝利清理工人的研究未能确定 白血病或甲状腺结节性疾病的增加;（2）显著的 白俄罗斯儿童甲状腺癌的增加可能与 切尔诺贝利事故的放射性尘埃;（3）I-131的诊断剂量 似乎与甲状腺结节性疾病的小风险有关， 癌症;（4）治疗剂量的I-131与白血病无关;（5） 乳腺癌和霍奇金病的放射治疗增加了 （6）NHL全身照射增加了 白血病在更大程度上局部放疗;（7）固体 骨髓移植后肿瘤显著升高 接受放射治疗的长期幸存者;（8）职业暴露 辐射并没有增加乳腺癌或白血病的风险， X射线技师;（9）肺癌与室内氡无关 在密苏里州的非吸烟女性中，PAR估计低于 2%;（10）对地下矿工的研究，然而，预测10% 的肺癌是由于住宅氡;（11）紫外线 治疗新生儿高胆红素血症与儿童期无关 白血病;（12）所有主要甲状腺癌研究的平行分析 表明20岁以上的风险很小， （13）对原子弹爆炸幸存者的新研究增加了 发生特定的涎腺肿瘤和良性腺瘤 胃癌;（14）甲状旁腺功能亢进与放射治疗有关， 扁桃体肿大

New understandings of radiation and cancer risks are sought through studies of human populations exposed to various forms of radiation. Carcinogenic mechanisms are investigated through molecular studies. Extensive advice is provided national and international agencies. (1) Studies of Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia failed to identify an increase in leukemia or thyroid nodular disease; (2) a remarkable increase in thyroid cancer among children from Belarus may be related to fallout from the Chernobyl accident; (3) diagnostic doses of I-131 appeared linked to a small risk of thyroid nodular disease but not cancer; (4) therapeutic doses of I-131 were not linked to leukemia; (5) radiotherapy for breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease increased the risk of lung cancers; (6) total-body-irradiation for NHL increased the risk of leukemia to a greater extent that localized radiotherapy; (7) solid tumors were significantly elevated following bone marrow transplantation among long-term survivors given radiotherapy; (8) occupational exposures to radiation did not increase the risk of breast cancer or leukemia among x-ray technologists; (9) lung cancer was not associated with indoor radon among nonsmoking women in Missouri; the PAR was estimated to be less than 2%; (10) studies of underground miners, however, would predict that 10% of all lung cancers are due to residential radon; (11) ultraviolet light to treat neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was not related to childhood leukemia; (12) parallel analyses of all major thyroid cancer studies indicated little risk for exposures over age 20 and a decreased risk due to fractionation; (13) new studies of atomic bomb survivors increased the occurrence of specific salivary gland tumors and benign adenomatous stomach cancers; (14) hyperparathyroidism was linked to radiotherapy for enlarged tonsils.