MOLECULAR APPROACHES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AN HIV VACCINE--RHESUS MACAQUES MODEL

在过去的一年里，重点只放在疫苗上。 涉及减毒痘病毒（NYVAC）和禽痘病毒（ALVAC）的方法。 在接种NYVAC的恒河猴中观察到部分保护作用- 或ALVAC-人类免疫缺陷病毒2型（HIV-2） 静脉注射HIV-2激发。 同样，NYVAC或ALVAC HIV-I免疫 动物对HIV-2攻击有部分交叉保护。 在 五年前开始的一项研究， （SIV）-接种疫苗的动物，尽管在病毒攻击时感染， 比对照组的动物存活时间更长， 在感染后两年发展为艾滋病（所有对照组均死亡 感染后2年内）。 综合这些研究， 免疫时间越长越好 七个月前 开始了两项研究。 第一项研究涉及44只恒河猴。 该方案旨在研究白细胞介素的调节作用 如白细胞介素2（IL-2）和IL-12对NYVAC SIV免疫原性的影响 gag，pol和env疫苗。 免疫期结束时（18 月），一半动物将接受静脉内激发， 二分之一粘膜感染SIV（251）。 第二项针对黑猩猩的研究 目的是以受控的方式单独评价 ALVAC和NYVAC HIV-1重组疫苗。 使用NYVAC-和ALVAC-人T细胞白血病/ 在兔模型中的嗜淋巴细胞病毒I型env疫苗提供了 关于诱导绝育免疫的可能性的令人鼓舞的结果 对抗人类逆转录病毒 一些研究致力于研究人类的作用， 疱疹病毒6型在猪尾猕猴模型中作为病原体 致病力低菌株。

In the last year particular emphasis has been placed only in vaccine approaches involving attenuated poxviruses (NYVAC) and avipox (ALVAC). Partial protection was observed in rhesus macaques vaccinated with NYVAC- or ALVAC-human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) against a live intravenous HIV-2 challenge. Similarly, NYVAC or ALVAC HIV-I-immunized animals were partially cross-protected against an HIV-2 challenge. In a study initiated five years ago, NYVAC/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-vaccinated animals, although infected upon viral challenge, demonstrated longer survival than the control animals, and two of them have progressed to AIDS two years after infection (all controls died within two years from infection). Taken together these studies suggested that the longer the time of immunization, the better. Seven months ago two studies were started. The first study involved 44 rhesus macaques. The protocol was designed to study the modulatory effect of interleukins such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-12 on the immunogencity of NYVAC SIV gag, pol, and env vaccine. At the end of the immunization period (18 months) one-half of the animals will be challenged intravenously and one-half mucosally with live SIV(251). The second study in chimpanzees aims to separately evaluate, in a controlled manner, the efficacy of ALVAC and NYVAC HIV-1 recombinant vaccines. A parallel study using NYVAC- and ALVAC-human T-cell leukemia/ lymphotropic virus type I env vaccines in a rabbit model has provided encouraging results on the possibility of inducing sterilizing immunity against a human retrovirus. Some effort has been devoted in investigating the role of human herpesvirus 6 as a pathogen in a pigtail macaque model using an SIV isolate with low pathogenicity.