AN ERGONOMIC APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND SAFETY FOR THE ELDERLY

老年人中有很大比例的事故发生在家里和 涉及某种类型的消费品或环境保护剂，例如： 楼梯和台阶、浴缸和淋浴以及不适当使用工具和 家用电器。事故和由此造成的伤害会影响到 日常生活活动(ADL)以及制造恐惧和忧虑 在老年人中阻碍老年人独立生活。确实有 有迹象表明，许多事故是可以通过适当的措施预防的 干预策略。事故预防策略的发展 必须基于对事故因果关系和 人与环境的互动。此外，我们必须发展有效的 向老年人传播这一信息的技术， 护理员和医务人员。这项拟议的项目将涉及：1) 对以下几项事故因果关系有详细的了解 产品/环境组件；2)确定适当的危险 针对相同产品/环境组件的干预策略；3) 开发和评估教育和安全培训材料，以确保 成功实施危险干预措施；以及4)制定 将此信息传播给相关个人或 组织。危险干预策略将在#年进行评估。 干预和实地研究。在干预性研究中，样本为50人 将使用任务分析技术在#年评估家庭环境 关于其在家庭安全方面的适当性的条款和要求 (相对于能力)他们强加给居民。适当的危险 将在这些家庭中制定和实施减少战略。 这些干预措施的有效性将通过组成 控制前后ADL表现和家庭安全的措施 未接受干预的样本。在实地考察中， 50名老年人将接受多媒体家居安全培训 程序，在此专业人员中开发，并在 以评估该计划的效果。该项目的目标是 改善老年人的生活质量，增强他们的能力 在家里独立生活。它非常符合以下总体目标 人类因素工程和老龄化研究中心。

A large percentage of accidents among the elderly occur at home and involve some type of consumer product or environmental agent such as: stairs and steps, bathtubs and showers, and improper use of tools and appliances. Accidents and resulting injuries interfere with performance of activities of daily living (ADL) as well as create fear and apprehension in older adults impeding the elderly from living independently. There are indications that many of the accidents could be prevented with appropriate intervention strategies. The development of accident prevention strategies must be based on an understanding of accident causality and of the human/environment interaction. In addition, we must develop effective techniques to disseminate this information to older individuals, caregivers, and medical personnel. This proposed project will involve: 1) developing a detailed understanding of accident causality for a number of products/environmental components; 2) identifying appropriate hazard intervention strategies for the same products/environmental components; 3) developing and evaluating education and safety training material to insure successful implementation of the hazard interventions; and 4) developing techniques to disseminate this information to relevant individuals or organization. The hazard intervention strategies will be evaluated in intervention and field studies. In the intervention study a sample of 50 home environments will be evaluated, using task analytic techniques, in terms of their appropriateness with respect to home safety and the demands (relative to capabilities) they place on the residents. Appropriate hazard reduction strategies will be developed and implemented in these homes. The effectiveness of these interventions will be evaluated by composing pre and post measures of ADL performance and home safety to a control sample who have not received the interventions. In the field study a sample of 50 elderly people will receive a multimedia home safety training program, developed in this pro and undergo a pre-post training test in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The project's goal is to improve the quality of life for older people and enhance their ability to live independently at home. It fits well with the overall objectives of the Center for human Factors Engineering and Aging Research.