Personality-targeted web-based prevention of common mental disorders in adolescents

在英国，十分之一的青少年患有可诊断的精神障碍，类似比例的青少年表现出低于临床阈值的症状。这个年龄组最普遍的问题是抑郁、焦虑、药物滥用和饮食失调，这些问题在青春期首次或高峰发作。这些精神障碍可对青少年的发育造成干扰，并产生深远的影响，其对个人和社会经济的全面影响往往要到生命的后期才显现出来，这些常见的精神障碍在症状、根本原因和促成因素方面有相当大的重叠。例如，这些常见的精神障碍与共同的个性因素有关，例如焦虑的个性、高度完美主义、冲动和/或低自尊。有几项以学校为基础的干预措施旨在预防精神障碍的发生。然而，我们最近对这一年龄组的这些干预措施的分析和审查发现，其中大多数只针对单一疾病，并且只针对已经表现出精神疾病症状的个人。这种传统的方法没有解决风险因素或精神病理学的重叠，因此在时间、精力和成本方面效率低下。此外，只针对出现症状的儿童和青少年可能会被视为污名化和病态化。在这项早期研究中，我们的目标是开发和评估以学校为基础的干预措施的可行性，针对常见精神障碍的共同人格风险因素。该干预措施将基于现有的干预措施，我们已经为本科大学生开发了该干预措施，该干预措施已在一项大型研究中证明了有效性。干预措施将在课堂上以及通过互联网进行。这种混合方法将允许向班级或年级组中的所有儿童提供干预，而不会使个人蒙受耻辱，并且还允许为每个用户提供一定程度的个性化干预内容，以便最佳地支持他们的心理健康需求。

One in ten adolescents in the UK suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder and a similar proportion shows symptoms below clinical threshold. The most prevalent problems in this age group are depression, anxiety, substance misuse and disordered eating, which have their first or peak onset during adolescence. These mental disorders can cause disruption to the development of adolescent and have far-reaching effects, whose full personal and socio-economic impact often only becomes apparent at a later stage in life.There is considerable overlap between these common mental disorders with regard to symptoms, underlying causes and contributing factors. For example, these common mental disorders are associated with shared personality factor, such as an anxious personality, high perfectionism, impulsivity and/or low self-esteem. Several school-based interventions aiming to prevent the onset of mental disorders exist. However, our recent analysis and review of these interventions for this age group found that most of them address only single disorders and are only designed for individuals already expressing symptoms of mental ill-health. This traditional approach does not address the overlap in risk factors or psychopathology and thus is inefficient with regard to time, effort and cost. In addition, targeting only children and adolescents who show symptoms can be experienced as stigmatising and pathologising.In this early phase study, we are aiming to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a school-based intervention targeting shared personality risk factors of common mental disorders. The intervention will be based on an existing intervention, which we have developed for undergraduate university students, which has demonstrated efficacy in a large study. the intervention will be delivered in the classroom as well as through the internet. This mixed approach will allow for the intervention to be delivered to all children in a class or year group without stigmatising individuals and also allow for a degree of personalising the content of the intervention for each user in order to optimally support them with their mental health needs.