MECHANISMS OF EMERGENCE OF Z00NOTIC VIRAL PATHOGENS

该方案项目由四个截然不同但在概念上相互关联的 研究项目集中在几个新出现的 不同的人畜共患病病毒。每个项目都包括现场和 实验室研究。第一个项目将研究发病机制 和传播两种新发现的汉坦病毒(Black Creek Canal和Cano Delgadito)在它们的天然棉鼠宿主Sigmodon Hispidus和S.alstoni。这项工作将在 与疾病控制和预防中心的科学家合作 亚特兰大的预防(CDC)，利用最大限度的遏制 特殊病原体分部的设施。实地考察还将包括 以确定Delgadito卡诺感染的流行率 啮齿动物和生活在这种汉坦病毒发生的农村地区的人。 第二个项目将研究遗传和表型变化 导致委内瑞拉出现流行病/流行性感冒病毒株 马脑炎(VEE)病毒实地考察将在几个地点进行 委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚VEE-ID病毒活动的地方性疫源地。 实验室将使用反向遗传方法来研究VEE 毒力决定因素。第三个项目将研究变化 Oropouche热的流行病学，一种由蚊子传播的病毒性疾病 经常与登革热混淆。流行病学和昆虫学研究将 是在秘鲁伊基托斯附近奥罗波切病毒流行地区进行的 与美国海军医学研究中心的科学家合作 利马的学院支队。该项目的实验室工作将 包括来自中国大陆的ORO类病毒的分子系统发育研究 南美和巴拿马的各种地点和来源， 用于血清学的特异性重组抗原的研究进展 本病的诊断和病因的调查 经常与ORO热有关的复发性疾病。第四次 项目将开发一个绘制位置和分布地图的模型 我国VEE病毒流行的疫源地和可能出现的地点 委内瑞拉，利用卫星图像，计算机化地理信息 信息系统和地面观测。后一个项目是 提交美国国家航空航天局与美国国家航空航天局联合资助 NIAID支持。尽管这些项目涉及不同的病毒，但它们 在处理人畜共患病毒是如何 在自然界中的传播和维持，以及它们是如何形成的 重要的人类病原体。研究得出的数据将 加强对几种新发病毒的预测和防控 发生在美洲的疾病。

This program project consists of four distinct but conceptually linked research projects focusing on the mechanisms of emergence of several different zoonotic viruses. Each project includes both field and laboratory studies. The first Project will examine the pathogenesis and transmission of two newly recognized hantaviruses (Black Creek Canal and Cano Delgadito) in their natural cotton rat hosts, Sigmodon hispidus and S. alstoni, respectively. This work will be done in collaboration with scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, utilizing the maximum containment facilities of the Special Pathogens Branch. Field studies will also be done to determine the prevalence of Cano Delgadito infection among rodents and people living in a rural area where this hantavirus occurs. The second Project will examine the genetic and phenotypic changes leading to the emergence of epidemic/epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Field studies will be done at several enzootic foci of VEE - ID virus activity in Venezuela and Colombia. Reverse genetic approaches will be used in the laboratory to study VEE virulence determinants. The third Project will study the changing epidemiology of Oropouche fever, a midge-borne viral disease that is often confused with dengue. Epidemiologic and entomologic studies will be done in an Oropouche virus-endemic region near Iquitos, Peru, in collaboration with scientists at the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute Detachment in Lima. Laboratory work on this project will include molecular phylogenetic studies of ORO-like viruses from a variety of localities and sources in South America and Panama, the development of specific recombinant antigens for use in serologic diagnosis of the disease, and investigation of the etiology of the recurrent illness frequently associated with ORO fever. The fourth Project will develop a model for mapping the location and distribution of enzootic foci and sites of emergence potential for VEE virus in Venezuela, utilizing satellite imagery, computerized geographic information systems and ground observations. The latter project is submitted for consideration for funding by NASA in conjunction with NIAID support. Although the projects involve different viruses, they are thematically unified in addressing how zoonotic viruses are transmitted and maintained in nature and how they emerge to become significant human pathogens. Data resulting from the research will enhance prediction, prevention and control of several emerging viral diseases occurring in the Americas.