DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL STUDIES

光谱技术，如荧光， 磷光、闪光光解和ESR是必要的 阐明环境的光物理和光化学 化学制品。因为许多所需的设备要么不是 在商业上可用或不提供所需的期货，我们 大部分是我们自己建造或现代化/升级的。这包括 与计算机接口，便于数据采集和 操纵。两个旧的分光光度荧光计(稳态和 相位调制)，其已被组合成一个T配置 已升级单元以测量磷光光谱和 光漂白。激光闪光光解装置有了新的更多 用于激励的强大激光(Surelite II)。励磁方式的选择 波长从400 nm扩展到红外，通过使用 355 nm倍频泵浦的可调谐OPO系统 苏瑞特激光器。一种更新厌氧样品的流动系统 在系统中添加了强激光激励后， 防止受照射区域的漂白。这款新的激光闪光灯 光解装置已被用于电动势研究，通过 结合了一个电磁铁和一个新的分析灯 观察在电动势作用下的暂态光谱。苏雷尔酒店 激光也已经与EPR光谱仪对准，以产生 直接在EPR光谱仪腔内的自由基后 激光脉冲的多光子吸收。我们的单线态氧 (1O2)分光计目前被用来测量 单重态分子氧与生物和蛋白质的相互作用 我们调查环境底物。此外， 稳态1O2分光光度计正在升级为测量 非光化学反应中单线态氧的产生。至 正确解释1O2磷光数据，我们必须 确定不同因素对单线态氧性质的影响 环境。我们已经测量了极性的影响， 在多种溶剂和溶剂中的质子性和极化率 混合物。目前，这些调查正在扩大到 非均相(胶束)系统，它更接近于 生物环境。

Spectral techniques such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, flash photolysis, and ESR are necessary to elucidate the photophysics and photochemistry of environmental chemicals. Because much of the needed equipment is either not available commercially or does not offer the desired futures, we build or modernize/upgrade most of it ourselves. This includes the interfacing to computers for ease of data acquisition and manipulation. Two old spectrophotofluorometers (steady state and phase modulation) that have been combined into one T-configured unit have being upgraded to measure phosphorescence spectra and photobleaching. The laser flash photolysis set-up has a new more powerful laser (Surelite II) for excitation. The choice of excitation wavelengths is extended from 400nm to the infrared by using a tunable OPO system that is pumped by the 355nm harmonic from the Surelite laser. A flow system that refreshes anaerobic samples after strong laser excitation has been added to the system, which prevents the bleaching of the irradiated area. This new laser flash photolysis set-up has been adapted for EMF studies by incorporating an electromagnet and a new analytical lamp to observe the transient spectra in the presence of EMF. The Surelite laser has also been aligned with the EPR spectrometer to generate radicals directly in the cavity of the EPR spectrometer after multi-photon absorption from laser pulses. Our singlet oxygen (1O2) spectrometers are being presently used to measure the interaction of singlet molecular oxygen with biological and environmental substrates we investigate. In addition, the steady-state 1O2 spectrophotometer is being upgraded to measure singlet oxygen production in non-photochemical reactions. To interpret the 1O2 phosphorescence data correctly, we have to establish how singlet oxygen properties may be affected by different environment. We have already measured the influence of polarity, proticity and polarizability in a number of solvents and solvent mixtures. Presently, these investigations are being extended to heterogeneous (micellar) systems, which more closely resemble biological environments.