Optimisation of After-treatment Systems for Improved Tailpipe Emissions

汽车排放对空气质量的影响正在推动汽车行业寻求新的解决方案，以减少尾气排放，同时保持燃油经济性。该行业正处于发展减少尾气排放的新解决方案的关键时刻，特别是在摩托车行业，排放立法开始产生一些影响。直到最近，摩托车公司还可以通过安装简单的催化剂系统并校准燃料以适应催化剂操作来轻松满足排放目标（欧4）。将于2020年和2021年引入的欧5限值要求更精确的规范，以确保符合法规，同时仍能实现可承受的成本。我们拟议的研究项目将寻求开发一种全新的流程，用于摩托车后处理系统的设计和规范，使用CATAGEN中可用的模拟和测试工具。创新的过程将采取驾驶循环数据，并计算在摩托车的生命周期内建议的后处理的CATAGEN专有老化指标。CATAGEN后处理模型将用于确定在摩托车使用寿命结束时满足排放限值所需的催化剂活性。然后，该活性水平将与老化指标结合使用，以指定车辆寿命开始时新部件的催化剂。然而，实现这些目标的挑战是巨大的。对于发动机和排放系统的虚拟开发，需要高精度的真实的、准确的和可重复的测量，以开发能够预测发动机在真实的生活中的变化响应和性能的所需软件和算法。到目前为止，这一直被认为是行业中无法实现的需求，但随着CATAGEN技术的进一步发展和修改，这些数据将被产生到创建精确模型所必需的高水平。由于该过程可以进一步发展，以应用于其他车辆应用和其他内燃机应用，这是一项极为重要的研究计划，对改善废气排放及空气质素有深远的影响。改善空气质量对社会上的每个人都有深远的好处，目前是英国和其他国家许多政府政策和战略的重点。更清洁的空气和改善健康之间的联系，特别是在城市，是有据可查的。这项工作对世界上的发展中国家特别有意义，因为在这些国家，摩托车的使用很广泛，而且是造成空气质量差的主要原因。低成本的小型摩托车很受欢迎，因为更昂贵的个人交通工具是负担不起的。该项目将协助开发更低成本、更有效的摩托车后处理系统，以改善空气质量。例如，印度的德里等城市存在严重的空气质量问题，迫切需要负担得起的有效解决方案，但这适用于从中国到非洲到南美洲的世界各地，这些地区广泛使用低成本的小型摩托车，并且是废气排放的主要来源。最终，该项目有可能成为改善全球空气质量目标的主要贡献者。

The impact of vehicle emissions on air quality is driving the automotive industry to seek new solutions for reduced tailpipe emissions whilst maintaining fuel economy. The industry is at a key juncture in the evolution of new solutions for reduced tailpipe emissions and, in particular, in the motorcycle industry, where emissions legislation is starting to have some impact. Until recently, motorcycle companies could readily meet emissions targets (Euro 4) by fitting a simple catalyst system and calibrating the fuelling to suit catalyst operation. The Euro 5 limits to be introduced in 2020 and 2021 require much more precise specification to ensure compliance with legislation whilst still achieving an affordable cost.Our proposed research project will seek to develop an entirely new process for the design and specification of after-treatment systems for motorcycles, using a mix of the simulation and testing tools available within CATAGEN. The innovative process will take drive cycle data and calculate the CATAGEN proprietary ageing metrics for the proposed after-treatment over the life of the motorcycle. The CATAGEN after-treatment model will be used to determine the catalyst activity required to meet emission limits at the end of the useful motorcycle life. This activity level will then be used in conjunction with the ageing metric to specify the catalyst for the new component at the start of vehicle life. However, the challenges in achieving these goals are substantial. For the virtual development of engines and emission systems, real, accurate, and repeatable measurements will be needed with high levels of precision to develop the required software and algorithms capable of predicting the varying response and performance of an engine in real life. Up to this point, this has been seen as an unobtainable need in the industry, but with further development and modification of the CATAGEN technology, this data will be produced to the high levels essential to create an accurate model.As this process can then be further evolved to apply to other vehicle applications and other combustion engine applications, it is an extremely important research project with far reaching potential to improve emissions and resultant air quality. Improved air quality has far reaching benefits for everyone in society and is currently the focus of many Government policies and strategies, both in the UK and beyond. The link between cleaner air and improved health, particularly in cities, is well documented. This work is particularly relevant in the developing countries of the world, where motorcycles are in wide use and have a major contribution to poor air-quality. Low-cost small motorcycles are popular as more expensive forms of personal transportation is not affordable. This project will assist in the development of lower-cost, more-effective after-treatment systems for motorcycles for improved air quality. For example, India has major air-quality issues in cities such as Delhi and needs affordable, effective solutions urgently but this applies across the world in areas from China to Africa to South America where low-cost small motorcycles are widely used and are major sources of exhaust emissions.Ultimately, this project has the potential to be a major contributor to the target of improving global air quality.