VISUAL PERCEPTION IN PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME

这项研究计划关注的是有能力的人 Prader-Willi综合征(PWS)正确认识某些类别的 已被发现对健康造成严重知觉问题的刺激 轻度精神发育迟滞的成年人。它们包括全局立体 由随机元素立体图生成的形式，运动学的全局运动 由随机元素运动图生成的形式及其积分 定义三维空间度量的刺激维度。 虽然这些刺激在物理上是简单的，但它们会引起复杂的感觉。 此外，它们被快速、自动地感知，而不需要参与 注意力或其他认知过程。这些特点具有 激发了开发模型和计算机模拟的努力 基本流程。调查显示，这些刺激 将强大的信息处理或计算需求强加于 知觉系统。它们带来的计算问题导致了我的 我和同事们推测，轻度智障人士可能 在正确感知它们的过程中相遇。 已有相当多的证据支持这一猜想 从一系列致力于阐明知觉能力的研究中 属于轻度弱智的成年人。基本结果是，轻度智障的人 当人们对刺激进行处理时，他们对刺激的处理能力远远高于机会。 关于能量和信息的最大值。但谦虚 这些变量的减少会在 性能。在非智障受试者在没有 错误，智障受试者的表演是偶然的。结果的模式来自于 这一研究思路有力地支持了这一假设，即迄今为止 意想不到的知觉缺陷反映了视觉的根本损害 大脑皮层机制。本项目评估的是感性的 使用相同刺激条件的PWS患者的能力 受雇于对轻度弱智的调查。这些措施包括 对由运动定义的形状的区分，密度和 相关性，以及对环境的敏感性暗示到视觉空间。这个 同样的心理物理方法将使用已经在使用的设备 地点。

This program of research is concerned with the ability of persons with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) to perceive correctly certain classes of stimuli that have been found to pose substantial perceptual problems for adults with mild mental retardation. They include global stereoscopic forms generated by random element stereograms, global motion of kinetic forms generated by random element kinematograms, and the integration of stimulus dimensions that define the metric of three-dimensional space. While these stimuli are simple physically, they induce complex percepts. Moreover, they are perceived quickly and automatically without engaging attention or other cognitive processes. These characteristics have inspired efforts to develop models and computer simulations of the underlying processes. That inquiry has revealed that these stimuli impose formidable information processing or computational demands on the perceptual system. The computational problems they pose, led my colleagues and me to the conjecture that mildly retarded persons may encounter in perceiving them correctly. Considerable evidence in support of that conjecture has been obtained from a series of studies devoted to elucidating the perceptual capacities of mildly retarded adults. The basic result is that the mildly retarded persons can process the stimuli well above chance when they are at maximum values with respect to energy and information. But modest reduction in those variables produces substantial impairments in performance. Under conditions where nonretarded subjects perform without error, retarded subjects perform at chance. The pattern of results from this line of inquiry supports strongly the hypothesis that the heretofore unsuspected perceptual deficits reflect fundamental impairment of visual cortical mechanisms. The present project assesses the perceptual capacity of persons with PWS using the same stimulus conditions as those employed in the investigation of the mildly retarded. These include discrimination of forms defined by motion, with variations in density and correlation, and sensitivity to environment cues to visual space. The same psychophysical methods will be employed using equipment already in place.