Digitally Assisted Collective Governance of Smart City Commons - ARTIO

该奖学金计划的目的是为智慧城市公地设计一个对社会负责的集体治理：共享城市资源（交通、停车位、能源）的数字化管理和监管。智慧城市公地展现出前所未有的复杂性和不确定性：交通系统集成了电动、共享和自动驾驶汽车，而分布式能源高度渗透到能源系统中。我们如何以可持续和对社会负责的方式管理智慧城市公地，以解决交通堵塞、停车位过度拥挤或停电等长期存在的问题？未能及时、大规模地以数字方式协调集体决策，将对经济、社会和环境产生巨大影响。协调一致的决策需要数字化演进，需要在决策地点、决策方式和决策内容方面的新范式。但哪些是限制因素呢？1.在线决策往往使公民与做出决策的实体城市空间脱节：选择缺乏信息，容易受到社交媒体错误信息的影响，而决策结果可能显示出较低的合法性。如果集体选择可以更本地化地作为数字地理位置的证词，为社区互动和审议创造机会，会怎么样？2.投票系统设计是糟糕的集体决策的另一个根源，多数投票往往无法达成共识或公平合法的结果。如果我们扩大投票系统的设计空间，采用其他投票方式，例如优先，以涵盖社会价值？虽然到目前为止，这些方法成本高昂，而且仅限于低认知能力的练习，否定了它们在多数投票中的社会价值，但基于人工智能（AI）的决策支持系统正在成为游戏规则的改变者。3.由于计算和通信的巨大复杂性，相互依赖的集体决策的大规模协调仍然是一个及时的重大挑战。如果协调可以通过数字化辅助，并作为智能聚合信息交换的结果出现，从而实现隐私和效率，那会怎么样？为了应对这些挑战，我将把物联网、以人为本的人工智能和区块链技术与社会选择理论和机制设计结合起来。使用物联网设备，城市兴趣点可以变成数字投票中心，在这个中心内，更明智的决策条件将在bbb中得到验证，例如证明公民的位置。一种新的投票特征本体将为预测产生公平和合法结果的投票方法提供基础。在区块链上使用集体和主动强化学习技术，人类和机器的集体智能将相结合，以实现大规模集体决策的可靠协调。我将与来自政府/行业的知名合作伙伴合作，通过4个创新的影响案例来展示这些方法的适用性。1.使用开发的解决方案，市民将对问题进行地理定位，并为交通规划解决方案投票。2.他们还将对实施参与式预算项目进行现场投票。3.智能停车系统将增强负载平衡能力，以缓解城市中心的拥挤和污染。4.通过市民对交通方式的协调，城市交通控制系统将得到优化，以实现向公共/共享交通的公平转变，同时保留低碳交通区域。这些智慧城市蓝图将为更深入地理解数字辅助集体治理开辟新的途径。为了掌握这个跨学科的研究领域，培养自己成为未来的领导者，我将拜访世界一流的领导者，并与我的团队一起参加新颖的培训活动。两位受人尊敬的导师和一个顾问委员会将进一步支持我。我将通过组织研讨会和黑客马拉松，与更广泛的公民和决策者社区接触。

The aim of this fellowship programme is to design a socially responsible collective governance for Smart City commons: shared pool of urban resources (transport, parking space, energy) managed and regulated digitally. Smart City commons exhibit unprecedented complexity and uncertainties: transport systems integrate electric, shared and autonomous vehicles, while distributed energy resources highly penetrate energy systems. How can we manage Smart City commons in a sustainable and socially responsible way to tackle long-standing problems such as traffic jams, overcrowded parking spaces or blackouts? Failing to digitally coordinate collective decisions promptly and at large-scale has tremendous economic, social and environmental impact. Coordinated decisions require a digital (r)evolution, a new paradigm on where we decide, how we decide and what we decide.But which are limiting factors? 1.Online decision-making often disconnects citizens from the physical urban space for which decisions are made: choices are less informed and vulnerable to social media misinformation, while decision outcomes may show lower legitimation. What if collective choices could be made more locally as digital geolocated testimonies, creating opportunities for community interactions and deliberation? 2.Voting system design is another origin of poor collective decisions, with majority voting often failing to achieve consensus or fair and legitimate outcomes. What if we expanded the design space of voting systems with alternative voting methods, e.g. preferential, to encompass social values? While such methods have so far been costly and limited to low-cognitive exercises, negating their social value over majority voting, decision-support systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) emerge as game-changer. 3.With an immense computational and communication complexity, large-scale coordination of inter-dependent collective decisions remains a timely grand challenge. What if coordination could be digitally assisted and emerge as a result of smart aggregate information exchange, achieving privacy and efficiency?To address these challenges, I will combine Internet of Things, human-centred AI and blockchain technology with social choice theory and mechanism design. Using IoT devices, urban points of interest can be turned into digital voting centres within which conditions for a more informed decision-making will be verified in the blockchain, e.g. proving citizens' location. A novel ontology of voting features will provide the basis to predict voting methods that generate fair and legitimate outcomes. Using collective and active reinforcement learning techniques on the blockchain, human and machine collective intelligence will be combined to achieve a trustworthy coordination of collective decisions at large scale.In collaboration with high-profile partners from government/industry, I will demonstrate the applicability of these approaches via 4 innovative impact cases. 1.Using the developed solutions, citizens will geolocate problems and vote for transport planning solutions. 2.They will also vote on spot to implement participatory budgeting projects. 3.A smart parking system will be enhanced with load-balancing capabilities to alleviate crowded and polluted city centres. 4.Via citizens' coordination of transport modality, an urban traffic control system will be optimized for an equitable shift to public/sharing transport, while preserving low-carbon transport zones.These Smart City blueprints will open up new avenues for deeper understanding of digitally assisted collective governance. To master this inter-disciplinary research area and develop myself into a future leader, I will visit world-class leaders and, together with my team, enrol in novel training activities. Two esteemed mentors and an advisory board will further support me. I will engage with the broader community of citizens and policy-makers by organizing workshops and hackathons.