Developing contextually specific interventions to reduce alcohol consumption amongst increasing and higher risk drinkers within the Drink Less App

我们的目标是提高健康应用程序的有效性，少喝，使其更适合人们实际饮酒的方式。研究人员设计了“少喝酒”计划，以帮助酗酒者减少饮酒量。我们将开发该应用程序的两个新部分。这些部分将通过使用有关特定饮酒环境的信息为人们提供更个性化的支持，这些信息可能包括某人在哪里喝酒或与谁一起喝酒。人们饮酒的背景和饮酒的原因是高度可变的，以前的研究表明，饮酒者不认为他们的饮酒量是每周的总量，而是作为个人饮酒场合，在他们的日常生活中扮演不同的角色。很可能有些饮酒场合比其他场合更容易改变，减少饮酒的策略对某些类型的场合更有效。因此，针对个人饮酒的情况制定个性化的干预策略可能比向所有使用该应用程序的人提供相同的支持更有效。该应用程序目前包含一个饮酒日记，人们可以记录他们每天喝什么。我们将修改这个日记，以便人们可以添加他们喝酒的背景。我们将比较两种方法来收集这些信息，以确定最有效和可接受的。两组参与者将使用两个不同版本的应用程序，除了饮酒日记之外，这两个版本都是相同的。参与者将被随机分配选择适用于其饮酒场合的所有上下文特征（例如，他们在酒吧喝酒，他们与朋友喝酒），或者将从预先指定的场合类型列表中选择（例如，“大夜晚”，“安静的夜晚”）。然后，我们将要求参与者根据应用程序的易用性对其进行评分。我们将使用这些评级，以及参与数据（例如应用程序的使用量）和与一些参与者的访谈来决定哪个版本是最好的。下一步将是调整两个现有的干预组件，自我监控和反馈以及行动计划，以便他们利用这些上下文信息。自我监控和反馈组件目前可以让人们查看他们喝了多少酒，以及这对他们的情绪和睡眠有什么影响。将开发这一组件，以便它还提供有关饮酒环境的信息（例如，它可以告知人们，当他们喝得更多时，他们往往在特定的地点或与特定的人在一起）。行动计划部分是人们为自己设定目标以减少消费的地方。这里的上下文信息将用于帮助人们设定更具体的目标，这可能更有效。例如，一个人在酒吧里和朋友喝了很多酒，他可能会被提示设定一个目标，避免在回合中喝酒，或者在两轮喝酒之间点软饮料。而那些记录自己在家里喝得更多的人可能会设定目标，减少他们在超市购买的酒精量，或者测量他们倒了多少酒。然后，用户和行为改变专家将在访谈和焦点小组中对这些内容进行评分。该项目的最后一部分将是完善两个情境化干预组件，以确保它们清晰、适当、符合理论和技术合理。这将通过与潜在应用程序用户，研究人员和应用程序开发人员的访谈来完成。我们还将做一些工作，评估新开发的干预组件对用户的可接受程度，因为用户使用应用程序感到舒适是很重要的。

We aim to improve the effectiveness of the health app, Drink Less, by making it more tailored to how people actually drink. Drink Less was designed by researchers to help heavier drinkers reduce their alcohol consumption. We will develop two new parts of the app. These will provide more personalised support to people by using information about their specific drinking contexts, which could include where someone drinks or who they drink with. The contexts in which people drink and their reasons for drinking are highly variable and previous research suggests drinkers do not think about their alcohol consumption in terms of a weekly total, but as individual drinking occasions that play different roles in their daily lives. It is likely that some drinking occasions are more open to change than others, and that strategies for cutting down will be more effective for some types of occasions. As such, personalising intervention strategies to the contexts in which individuals drink may be more effective than providing the same support to everyone who uses the app.The app currently contains a drinking diary where people can record what they drink each day. We will modify this diary so that people can add the contexts in which they drink. We will compare two approaches to collecting this information, to determine the most effective and acceptable. Two groups of participants will use two different versions of the app, which will be identical apart from the drinking diary. Participants will be randomly allocated to either select all of the contextual characteristics that apply to their drinking occasion (e.g. they drank in a pub, and they drank with friends), or will choose from a list of pre-specified occasion types (e.g. a 'big night out', 'quiet night in'). We will then ask participants to rate the app in terms of how easy it is to use. We will use these ratings, alongside engagement data (e.g. how much the apps were used) and interviews with some participants to decide which version is best.The next step will be to adapt two of the existing intervention components, Self-Monitoring & Feedback and Action Planning, so that they make use of this contextual information. The Self-Monitoring & Feedback component currently lets people view how much they have drunk and what impact this has on their mood and sleep. This component will be developed so that it also provides information on the drinking context (e.g. it could inform people that when they drink more heavily they tend to be in a particular location or with particular people). The Action Planning component is where people set themselves goals to reduce their consumption. The contextual information here will be used to help people set more specific goals which may be more effective. For example, someone who records drinking heavily in the pub with friends may be prompted to set a goal to avoid drinking in rounds or to order soft drinks between alcoholic ones. Whereas someone who records drinking more heavily at home may set goals to reduce the amount of alcohol they buy in the supermarket or to measure how much alcohol they are pouring. These will then be rated by users and behaviour change experts in interviews and focus groups.The final part of this project will be to refine the two contextualised intervention components to make sure that they are clear, appropriate, in line with theory and technically sound. This will be done by interviews with potential app users, researchers and the app developer. We will also do some work evaluating how acceptable the newly developed intervention components are to users, as it is important that users feel comfortable with using the app.