A new methodology linking interactional and experiential approaches, and involving young people as co-analysts of mental health encounters.

假设你是一名研究青少年心理健康的研究人员。你知道青春期和成年早期是干预的关键时期，以防止心理健康问题持续到成年。你想了解为什么大量的年轻人不参与心理健康干预和服务，或者没有从中受益。你可能想使用“定性”方法，因为它们通常更适合捕捉意义、背景和复杂性。如果您对年轻人与服务的交互有时会出错感到好奇，这将是一个很好的方法。你可以记录下年轻人与专业人士见面时发生的事情。你可以用“互动”的方法来分析这些对话。它关注的是一个特定的社会互动是如何展开的——谁说了什么，这将导致什么？但是你会缺少关于你录制的会议的重要背景信息。例如，你不知道这些事件如何与年轻人寻求帮助的更广泛的故事联系起来，或者年轻人对你刚刚观察到的事件的感受。相反，你可以采访年轻人，了解这种情况，以及他们对自己寻求帮助的感受——对他们来说是什么感觉？你可以用“现象学”的方法来分析这些访谈。它关注的是人们如何理解自己的经历。但这样你就不能非常精确地知道专业人士应该做什么不同的事情，因为你没有观察到它。我们在这个项目中提出的方法论有两个重要的新特点。第一个特点是，我们将把上述方法结合起来，以展示当我们研究年轻人在寻求帮助时会发生什么，以及他们在心理健康需求的背景下对此的想法和感受时，如何对年轻人的经历进行更有力、更深刻的分析。这似乎是显而易见的，但这两种方法很少结合在一起，也没有可用的方法框架来帮助研究人员思考如何将它们结合起来。我们将这样做，然后展示其他人是如何做到的。我们提出的新方法的第二个特点同样重要。如果你是一名准备新项目的研究人员，我们希望你也会考虑如何让年轻人参与计划、实施、评估和分享这个项目。你会发现有很多关于这种合作背后的一般原则的指导。但是没有指导（也很少有出版的例子）可以帮助你让年轻人参与分析和解释数据。在这个阶段，研究人员决定他们发现了什么，以及这意味着什么，所以这是非常重要的。我们在之前的工作中发现，通过与年轻人讨论视频数据，在适当的准备和支持下，年轻人将提供非常重要的分析见解。我们已经证明，这种共同分析的原则对年轻人来说是可以接受的，对研究人员来说是可行的，并且产生了有价值的研究。我们希望在此基础上进行扩展和发展，以满足青少年心理健康研究界的需求。通过将其他数据来源（访谈）引入这一过程，并展示年轻人如何参与多种形式的分析（现象学和互动性），我们将开发一种其他研究人员可以使用的方法，以便他们也可以与年轻人共同分析数据，并从年轻人的专业知识中受益。这些方法学上的发展将对青年心理健康研究领域产生变革，使定性研究人员能够更全面地了解年轻人的经历，并与年轻人一起更公平地工作。

Imagine that you are a researcher working on youth mental health. You know that adolescence and early adulthood are a critical period for intervention to prevent mental health problems continuing into adulthood. You want to understand why a substantial number of young people don't engage with, or don't benefit from, mental health interventions and services. You might want to use 'qualitative' methods, because they are often better suited to capturing meaning, context and complexity. If you were curious about how interactions with services can sometimes go wrong for young people, this would be a good approach. You could record what happens when young people do meet with professionals. You could analyse those conversations using an 'interactional' method. This focuses on how a particular social interaction unfolds - who says what, and where does that lead? But you would be lacking important contextual information about the meetings you recorded. For example, you wouldn't know how these events fitted into the broader story of the young person's attempts to get help, or how the young person felt about the event that you had just observed. You could interview the young person instead, to find out about this context, and how they were feeling about their attempts to get help - what was it like for them? You could analyse these interviews using a 'phenomenological' method. This focuses on how people make sense of their experiences. But then you wouldn't be able to be very precise about what professionals should do differently, because you hadn't observed it. There are two important and new features to the methodology which we propose to develop in this project. The first of those features is that we will combine these the approaches above, in order to show how a more powerful and insightful analysis of young people's experiences can be developed when we examine both what happens to young people when they seek help, and what they think and feel about that, in the context of their mental health needs. This may seem obvious, but these two methods are rarely - if ever - combined, and there is no methodological framework available for researchers to help them to think about how to combine them. We will do this, and then show how it can be done by others.The second feature of our proposed new methodology is equally important. If you were a researcher preparing a new project, we hope that you would also be thinking about how to involve young people in planning, conducting, evaluating and sharing that project. You would find that there is plentiful guidance available about the general principles underlying this kind of collaboration. But there is no guidance (and there are very few published examples) which would help you to involve young people in analysing and interpreting data. This is the stage where researchers decide what they have found, and what it means, so it is very important.We have found in our previous work, talking with young people about video data, that with appropriate preparation and support, young people will contribute very important analytic insights. We have shown already that the principles of this co-analysis are acceptable to young people, feasible for researchers, and produce valuable research. We want to expand on this and develop it, to meet the needs of the youth mental health research community. By bringing other data sources (interviews) into the process, and showing how young people can engage with more than one form of analysis (phenomenological and interactional), we will develop a methodology that other researchers can use, in order that they can also co-analyse data with young people, and benefit from young people's expertise. These methodological developments will be transformative for the field of youth mental health research, enabling qualitative researchers to capture a much fuller picture of young people's experiences, and to work much more equitably alongside young people.