Advancing double-duty actions to address the dual threat of climate change and malnutrition

气候变化是人类健康面临的最紧迫挑战之一。它对食物的生产方式和我们吃什么有着特别重要的影响。气候变化会对极端天气事件和自然灾害产生影响，从而损害粮食系统，导致所有人获得健康和负担得起的食物的机会减少，而这些食物有时会被更便宜的超加工食品替代品所取代。这可能导致所谓的“营养不良的双重负担”，即同一人群、家庭或个人同时遭受营养不足（如营养摄入不足或儿童体重和身高过低）和营养过剩（如超重和肥胖）的困扰。与此同时，粮食系统是气候变化的一个重要因素，占全球温室气体排放量的三分之一。秘鲁是一个易受不同气候变化影响的国家，因为它的地貌多样，包括沿海地区、安第斯高原和亚马逊丛林。秘鲁还面临着严重和不平等的营养不良双重负担。例如，在营养不良最为普遍的农村地区，超重的增长最为迅速。虽然秘鲁以前分别采取了减少营养不良和营养过剩的措施，但这些措施并没有考虑如何解决它们的共存问题，也没有考虑如何减轻气候变化对这一双重负担的影响。如果忽视这种共存，就会存在一种风险，即针对其中一个问题的现有行动将对其他问题产生意想不到的后果。该奖学金将采用创新方法，将气候变化和营养不良的双重负担作为同一问题共存的组成部分进行调查。它投资于与当地利益相关者密切合作，这些利益相关者将在了解气候变化与秘鲁营养不良双重负担之间的相互作用并制定有效解决方案方面发挥重要作用。首先，我将与国际和秘鲁利益攸关方合作，找出粮食系统中同时导致气候变化和秘鲁和国际上营养不良双重负担的驱动因素。我将使用现有数据在区域和国际层面量化这些关联。我将把利益相关者的意见和相关数据结合起来，开发一个工具（系统动力学模型），供利益相关者使用，以了解不同政策对气候变化和营养不良双重负担的影响。我将指导利益攸关方利用这一工具，共同制定所谓的“双重责任行动”，即同时针对气候变化和营养不良的双重负担采取行动。该奖学金的特点是社区利益攸关方在秘鲁三个地区（利马、洛雷托、万卡维利卡）的所有阶段都积极参与。这将包括国家和地方层面的决策者、研究人员和卫生从业人员、地方组织者和非政府组织，以及直接受到气候变化和营养不良双重负担影响的社区成员，如父母或农民。通过他们对项目的积极和长期参与，他们将确保项目响应当地的优先事项，并且他们更有可能被授权倡导和实施变革。

Climate change is one of the most urgent challenges to human health. It has especially important impacts on how food is produced and what we eat. Climate change can harm the food system through its effect on extreme weather events and natural disasters, leading to reduced access to healthy and affordable food for all, which sometimes is replaced by cheaper ultra-processed food alternatives. This can lead to the so-called "double burden of malnutrition", where the same populations, households, or individuals simultaneously suffer from both undernutrition, such as inadequate intake of nutrients or low weight and height in children, and overnutrition, such as overweight and obesity. At the same time, the food system is an important contributor to climate change, being responsible for a third of greenhouse gas emissions globally.Peru is a country that is vulnerable to different climate change effects because of its diverse geomorphology that includes coastal areas, the Andean highlands, and the Amazonian jungle. Peru also faces a high and unequal level of the double burden of malnutrition. For example, overweight is increasing most rapidly in rural areas where undernutrition is also the most prevalent. While Peru has previously undertaken steps to reduce undernutrition and overnutrition separately, these have not considered how to address their co-existence or how to mitigate the impact of climate change on this double burden. By ignoring this co-existence, there is a risk that existing actions that target one of these issues will have unintended consequences to the others.This fellowship will use innovative approaches that allow the investigation of climate change and the double burden of malnutrition as co-existent components of the same problem. It invests in working closely with local stakeholders, who will play a significant role in understanding the interactions between climate change and the double burden of malnutrition in Peru and producing effective solutions. First, I will work with international and Peruvian stakeholders to map the drivers of the food system that simultaneously contribute to climate change and the double burden of malnutrition in Peru and internationally. I will use existing data to quantify these associations at regional and international level. I will combine stakeholder inputs and relevant data to develop a tool (system dynamics model) that can be used by stakeholders to understand the impacts of different policies on climate change and the double burden of malnutrition. I will guide stakeholders to use this tool and co-develop so-called 'double-duty actions', meaning actions that concurrently target both climate change and the double burden of malnutrition.This fellowship is characterised by the active involvement of community stakeholders in three areas in Peru (Lima, Loreto, Huancavelica) throughout all its stages. These will include policymakers at national and local level, researchers and health practitioners, local organisers and NGOs, and community members that are directly impacted by climate change and the double burden of malnutrition, such as parents or farmers. Through their active and long-term engagement with the project, they will ensure that the project responds to local priorities, and they are more likely to be empowered to advocate and implement change.