Multi-analyte prognostic and diagnostic screening in blood and skin for Alzheimer's disease

神经退行性疾病通常通过蛋白质生物标志物检测。目前用于诊断神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病（AD）和痴呆的常规方法包括脑脊髓液（CSF）的成像和提取以及生物标志物的监测。这些方法有几个缺点，其中包括：1.腰椎穿刺收集脑脊液从脊髓是一种侵入性治疗与潜在的副作用2。患者的筛选通常是困难的，并且对同一患者进行几年的随访分析是有问题的3。这些方法耗时，并且由于低通量和对专业人员和设备的需要而受损，这使得用于常规检查的过程昂贵4。每年病例数量的大量增加进一步加剧了早期诊断和治疗的问题。为了解决上述问题，我们提出开发基于使用已知生物标志物的替代诊断和筛选方法，尽管是在不同的样品基质中，例如毛细血管血和皮肤间质液。毛细血管血和皮肤间质液都与静脉血处于恒定的平衡。所提出的方法的主要优点包括：1.可以使用刺血针进入毛细血管血液，同时可以使用微针阵列贴片以微创方式进入皮肤间质液。在更简单的环境如临床医生的实践或甚至家庭环境中筛选患者的几种生物标志物更容易，它还允许在几年内进行随访分析。基于毛细血管血和皮肤间质液的低成本诊断试剂盒的开发将促进早期诊断和大量人群的筛查，使其成为卫生保健系统负担得起的程序4。基于毛细血管血和皮肤间质液的低成本试剂盒的开发也可以解决全球数量大量增加的问题

Neurodegenerative disorders are usually detected by protein biomarkers. Current conventional methods employed for diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer Disease (AD) and dementia include imaging and extraction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and monitoring of biomarkers. These methods have several drawbacks which include:1.lumbar puncture for collection of CSF from the spinal cord is an invasive treatment with potential side effects2. screening of patients is often difficult and follow-up analysis of the same patient over several years is problematic3. these methods are time consuming and marred by low throughput and need for specialist personnel and equipment, making it an expensive procedure to be employed for routine check-ups4. a large increase in the number of cases every year further compounds the issue of early diagnosis and treatment To address the above we propose the development of alternative diagnosis and screening method based on employing known biomarkers albeit in different samples matrices such as capillary blood and skin interstitial fluid. Both capillary blood and skin interstitial fluid are in constant equilibrium with venous blood. The main advantages of proposed methods include:1.Capillary blood can be accessed using lancet whilst skin interstitial fluid can be accessed in a minimally invasive manner employing microneedle array patch 2. screening of patients for several biomarkers in simpler settings such as a Clinicians' practice or even home settings is easier, it also allows follow-up analysis over several years 3. development of low cost diagnostic kits based on capillary blood and skin interstitial fluid will facilitate early diagnosis and screening of large number of people making it an affordable procedure for healthcare systems4. development of low cost kits based on capillary blood and skin interstitial fluid can also address the issue of large increase of numbers, globally