Prevention in prediabetic patients of infection's morbidity following a high fiber and vegetal protein diet (PreVegDiet)

肥胖是感染易感性的危险因素，包括术后感染和其他医院感染，以及发生更严重的疾病过程。肥胖的主要原因是由于热量摄入增加而消耗少导致的能量不平衡。这会引起代谢和激素的变化，增加患2型糖尿病（T2DM）、心脏病和中风的风险。2型糖尿病是一种不可逆转但可预防的疾病，超重和肥胖是主要的危险因素。营养和饮食可以促进免疫系统的功能，作为一种预防措施，通过减少可能由各种因素引起的炎症和氧化应激。富含水果、蔬菜和纤维的地中海饮食有助于预防2型糖尿病。此外，多酚等生物活性化合物对免疫也有很大的影响。海藻，尤其是褐海藻，是天然生物活性化合物的宝贵来源，因此引起了人们的极大兴趣。本项目的主要目的是研究有益饮食对糖尿病前期患者免疫系统的影响及其抵抗感染的潜力。临床，体外和体内方法将用于研究海藻补充剂和富含地中海饮食成分的饮食对糖尿病前期受试者鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的影响。免疫系统、炎症、微生物群和胆汁酸将被评估，代谢和脂质组学分析将在研究的不同队列的不同样本中进行。在本项目结束时，我们将提供这些营养干预措施对抗感染的潜力的证据，这与社会减少2型糖尿病和肥胖的负担具有高度相关性。

Obesity is a risk factor for both susceptibility to infections including postoperative infections and othernosocomial infections and the occurrence of a more severe disease course. The main cause of obesity isthe energetic imbalance due to increased caloric intake and little expenditure. This induces metabolic andhormonal changes that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), heart disease,and stroke. T2DM is a non-reversible but preventable condition with overweight and obesity being majorrisk factors. Nutrition and diets can promote the functioning of the immune system as a preventivemeasure by reducing both inflammation and oxidative stress that might be caused by various factors. TheMediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, fibre, can help prevent T2DM. Moreover, bioactivecompounds such as polyphenols also have great impact on immunity. Seaweeds, particularly brownseaweeds, are a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds, and thus have generated a massiveinterest. The main objective of the present project is to study the influence of beneficial diets on theimmune system of prediabetic patients and its potential to counteract infections. A clinical, an in vitro andan in vivo approach will be used to study the influence of a seaweed supplement and a diet rich incomponents from a Mediterranean diet on a Salmonella typhimurium infection in prediabetic subjects.Immune system, inflammation, microbiota and bile acids will be assessed and metabolic and lipidomicanalysis will be performed in different samples from the different cohorts of the study. At the end of thisproject, we will provide evidence on the potential of these nutritional interventions to counteract infection,which are of high relevance to the society to reduce the burden of T2DM and obesity.