PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND LEADERSHIP SELECTION

虽然身体外观对社会认知和期望的影响在心理学中得到了广泛的研究，并发现影响职业晋升和高层领导角色的选择，但以前的研究没有系统地探讨身体外观对实际政治家评估领导职务的影响。 本研究的目的之一是研究的贡献评估的健康，成熟，优势和吸引力的评级候选人的选举可行性，以及面部形态和物理特征的评级。 第二个目标是探讨是否外观和讲话风格影响候选人的评价时，政治协议的影响被认为是在什么条件下，外观的影响可以减轻。对男女候选人和少数群体候选人也审查了这些问题。 第三个目标是分析男性和女性的主题在他们使用的非语言和语言信息在候选人评估的差异。 一个跨文化的实验研究设计将被用来测试假设。 每个实验将在美国和罗马尼亚进行，以分析文化影响。 基于视频的刺激材料将取自C-Span在美国众议院的发言广播，受试者将接触20名男性和20名女性政治家的静止帧和视频剪辑。 研究2000年总统初选中实际候选人的实验的一个变体也将被用来评估外部效度。

Although the effects of physical appearance on social perceptions and expectations have been widely studied in psychology and found to influence career promotions and selection to high leadership roles, no previous research has systematically explored the influence of physical appearance upon the appraisal of actual politicians for leadership office. One objective of this study is to examine the contribution of assessments of healthiness, maturity, dominance and attractiveness to ratings of candidate electoral viability, as well as the facial morphology and physical features underlying ratings. A second objective is to explore whether appearance and speech style affect candidate appraisal when the effects of political agreement are considered -- under what conditions may appearance effects be mitigated. These questions are examined with respect to male and female candidates and minority group candidates as well. A third objective is to analyze differences between male and female subjects in their use of nonverbal and verbal information in candidate appraisal. A cross cultural experimental research design will be used to test hypotheses. Each experiment will be conducted in the United States and in Romania to analyze cultural effects. Video based stimulus material will be taken from C-Span broadcasts of floor speeches in the U.S. House of Representatives and subjects will be exposed to still frame and video clips of 20 male and 20 female politicians. A variation of the experiment studying actual candidates in the 2000 presidential primaries will also be conducted to assess external validity.