(ICF)- IMMPROVE: Immune Memory and Mechanisms of Protection from Vaccines

新冠肺炎大流行见证了一系列疫苗平台的快速开发和部署。虽然这些疫苗平台对预防严重疾病至关重要，但需要进一步优化，以提供长期和局部保护，防止感染，包括未来的变种。这种疫苗的优化需要更好地了解保护性免疫反应是如何诱导的，如何维持它，以及免疫在鼻子和肺部的作用。基于我们联盟在新冠肺炎大流行期间积累的经验，我们将回答该领域的一些关键悬而未决的问题：1.我们将描述影响保护性免疫反应持续时间的机制。2.加强对免疫记忆的了解，对于开发和部署具有针对大流行和地方性病原体的持久保护的未来疫苗至关重要。我们将确定免疫反应在呼吸道中的作用，作为病毒进入的途径，在预防感染方面的作用。其目的是了解鼻用疫苗是否可以阻止感染和继续传播，以及是否可以预防严重疾病。保护我们将定义免疫反应的哪些方面可以预防疾病，以及如何最大限度地利用这些反应。这将使疫苗开发人员能够专注于提供更好保护的新疫苗。4.现有来自临床试验和现实世界研究的大型数据集，如果与该方案的数据相结合，将产生了解疫苗如何起作用的独特资源。为了实现这一目标，我们将开发一个综合的数据结构和开源计算工具，以整合不同的数据并最大限度地利用数据。5.IMPACT我们将通过培训和增强未来疫苗开发领导人的能力，并让公众了解疫苗的需求，来加强对大流行的准备。针对这些问题将提高理性、免疫驱动的疫苗开发和吸收的能力。

The COVID-19 pandemic saw the rapid development and deployment of a range of vaccine platforms. While essential to protect against severe disease, these vaccine platforms need further optimisation to provide long-term and local protection against infection including future variants. This vaccine optimisation requires an improved understanding of how a protective immune response is induced, how it is maintained, and the role of immunity in the nose and the lungs. Building on the experience our consortium amassed during the COVID-19 pandemic, we will answer some of the key outstanding questions in the field:1.MEMORY We will delineate the mechanisms which influence the duration of protective immune responses. Improving understanding of immune memory is critical for the development and deployment of future vaccines with long-lasting protection against both pandemic and endemic pathogens.2. LOCATION We will determine the role of the immune response in the airways, as the entry route for virus, in protection against infection. The aim is to understand if nasally administered vaccines can stop infection and onward transmission, as well as protect against severe disease.3. PROTECTION We will define which aspects of the immune response protect against disease and how to maximise these responses. This will enable vaccine developers to focus on new vaccines that deliver improved protection. 4. DATA There exist large datasets from clinical trials and real-world studies that, if combined with the data from this programme, would generate a unique resource for understanding how vaccines work. To achieve this, we will develop an integrated data structure and open-source computational tools to integrate disparate data and maximise data usefulness.5.IMPACT We will bolster pandemic preparedness by the training and empowerment of future leaders in vaccine development and engaging public understanding of the need for vaccines. Targeting these questions will lead to increased capability for rational, immunologically-driven vaccine development and uptake.