THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL REJECTION ON BEHAVIOR

一个由12项研究组成的程序性系列研究(包括8项实验、3项相关研究和1项档案研究)检验了这一假设，即感觉被排斥和/或与亲密关系隔绝会对自己和他人造成负面后果：有害的社会行为(增加的反社会行为和减少的亲社会行为)和弄巧成拙的行为，无论是在实验室还是在整个社会。这些预测是基于归属感是人类的基本动机的理论(Baumeister和Leary，1995)。研究1-5考察了实验室对归属感的三种操作和两种问卷测量如何影响反社会行为与亲社会行为(欺骗、合作、攻击和帮助)。研究6-10使用相同的处理方法和方法来研究归属感和自我挫败行为(不坚持、冒险、拒绝健康信息和暴饮暴食)之间的联系。研究11旨在发现哪些人格类型对归属感受损的反应是愤怒而不是焦虑。研究12试图在更大的社会中发现归属感效应，表明与归属感相关的国家统计数据与衡量反社会和弄巧成拙行为的统计数据相关。来自两个实验的初步数据显示，低归属感会导致攻击性(一种反社会行为)和暴饮暴食(一种弄巧成拙的行为)。

A programmatic series of 12 studies (including 8 experiments, 3 correlational studies, and one archival study) tests the hypothesis that feeling excluded and/or cut off from close relationships leads to negative consequences for the self and others: detrimental social behavior (increased antisocial behavior and decreased prosocial behavior) and self-defeating acts, both in the laboratory and in the society at large. These predictions are based on the theory that the need to belong is a fundamental human motivation (Baumeister and Leary, 1995). Studies 1-5 examine how three laboratory manipulations of belongingness and two questionnaire measures influence antisocial versus prosocial behavior (cheating, cooperation, aggression, and helping). Studies 6-10 use the same manipulations and measures to study the connection between belongingness and self-defeating acts (failure to persevere, risk-taking, refusing health information, and binge eating). Study 11 aims to discover which personality types react to impaired belongingness with anger versus anxiety. Study 12 attempts to find the belongingness effect in the larger society, demonstrating that national statistics relevant to belongingness correlate with those measuring antisocial and self-defeating behaviors. Pilot data from two experiments show that low belongingness leads to aggression (an antisocial behavior) and binge eating (a self- defeating act).