Upconversion nanoparticle-based optical biosensor for early diagnosis of stroke

目前，中风的诊断是通过身体测试和研究脑部扫描图像来确定中风是由缺血(当阻塞切断大脑的血液供应，例如血液凝块)还是出血(大脑中的血管破裂并导致大脑内部出血)引起的。脑部扫描可以可靠地确认出血，但许多疑似缺血性中风的患者(高达40%)随后被证实患有其他病理疾病，如偏头痛。癫痫发作(模拟中风)延迟将中风患者转移到急性中风病房进行早期干预和治疗。因此，迫切需要一种脑发作(中风)的生物标志物，就像现有的心脏病发作生物标志物一样。目前检测蛋白质生物标记物的“黄金标准”技术复杂、耗时且需要自动化设备。因此，在救护车和急诊科开发和验证用于检测中风血液生物标志物的快速诊断工具是重要的，这是一个重要的临床问题，即需要对中风做出快速准确的诊断。在院前和急诊环境中，一种简单且免费的护理点(POC)生物标记物测试可以区分中风患者和临床症状相似的非中风患者，对于有效的中风管理和早期治疗至关重要。我们现在已经开发出一种证明原理的生物传感工具，用于快速分析人血清中潜在的生物标志物。拟议的项目重点是开发和验证POC工具，用于早期诊断中风特定的生物标记物，以快速识别中风患者。POC生物标记物评估可以在初始分诊期间进行，避免将中风患者运送到适当的护理中心的延误，从而加快治疗以提高患者的生存和生活质量。拟议的中风非中风患者，从而改善中风患者的流程，并减少医疗保健组织的开支。

Stroke is currently diagnosed by physical tests and studying images of brain scans to determine if the stroke has been caused by ischaemia (when a blockage cuts off the blood supply to the brain, e.g., blood clot) or a haemorrhage (blood vessel in the brain ruptures and causes bleeding inside the brain). Brain scans can reliably confirm bleeding, but many patients with suspected ischaemic stroke (up to 40%) are subsequently confirmed to have alternative pathologies e.g., migraine. seizures (stroke mimics) delaying transfer of stroke patients to acute stroke unit for early intervention and treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need for a biomarker for brain attack (stroke) just like there is one for heart attack. The current 'Gold Standard' technique for the detection of protein biomarkers is complex, time-consuming and requires automated equipment. Thus, it is important to develop and validate a rapid diagnostic tool for detection of blood biomarkers for stroke in the ambulance and Emergency Department, where a significant clinical problem lies i.e., the need to make a fastaccurate diagnosis of stroke. A simple and complimentary point of care (POC)biomarker test to differentiate stroke patients from non-stroke patients with similar clinical symptoms is essential in prehospital and emergency settings for efficient stroke management and early treatment. We have now developed a proof of principle biosensing tool for rapid analysis of potential biomarker in human blood serum. The proposed project focuses on the development and validation of a POC tool for early diagnosis of stroke-specific biomarkers to rapidly identify stroke patients. The POC biomarker assessment could be performed during initial triage avoiding delays in transporting stroke patients to appropriate care centres allowing expedited treatment to risk patients for better survival with improved quality of life. The proposed stroke of non stroke patients thus improving stroke patient flow and reducing expenses to the health care organisation.