DRUG USE IN RURAL KENTUCKY--A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

本申请是针对PA-95-060《美国农村地区的药物和酒精使用与滥用》提出的。总体目标是开发/测试青少年吸毒的多层次社会控制模型，整合宏观和微观理论视角。毒品使用和导致吸毒的个人一级的社会控制进程将沿着城乡连续体嵌入学校和社区范围。学校和社区对药物使用和导致药物使用的个人水平过程的条件影响可以被确定和建模，并且可以跨社区检查背景效应的异质性。具体目标1：衡量肯塔基州学校和社区1999-00年度基线(10年级以下)的7年级学生的吸毒发生率/流行率；具体目标2：检查个人层面的社会控制/联结变量在预测青少年吸毒方面的影响，并确定肯塔基州各学校和社区的吸毒/社会纽带效应是否相似或不同；具体目标3：检查学校和社区因素对吸毒的影响以及个人层面对肯塔基州学校和社区吸毒的影响；具体目标4：比较农村吸毒和城市吸毒的多层次模式，以确定：a)农村异质性的程度；b)将“农村和城市”一分为二的概念的效用(或徒劳)；具体目标5：确定个人、学校和社区因素对青少年吸毒随时间变化的影响程度。如果我们要了解美国农村地区毒品和酒精的使用和滥用模式，就有必要认识/审查农村地区的异质性(与城市地区的异质性环境形成对比)。这是一项前瞻性的纵向研究，研究对象是来自30个县的66所中学的1个队列(7年级学生，1999-00年度，n=10,000人，按县人口规模随机抽样4个)和来自相同学校的教师样本。队列将被跟踪4年，直到10年级，进入45所高中。将使用HLM和潜在增长曲线建模技术来检验推动研究的理论模型。

This application is submitted in response to PA-95-060, Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse in Rural American. Overall objective is to develop/test multilevel social control model of adolescent drug use, integrating macro/micro theoretical perspectives. Drug use and individual level social control processes that lead to drug use will be embedded within school and community contexts along the rural-urban continuum. Conditional influences of school and community on drug use and individual level processes leading to drug use can be determined and modeled and the heterogeneity for contextual effects can be examined across communities. Specific Aim 1: to measure incidence/prevalence of drug use in a cohort of 7th graders, 1999-00 AY baseline (followed through 10th grade) in schools and communities in Kentucky across the rural-urban continuum; Specific Aim 2: to examine the impact of individual level social control/bonding variables in predicting adolescent drug use, and to determine whether drug use/social bonding effects are similar or different across schools and communities in Kentucky; Specific Aim 3: to examine impact of school and community level factors on drug use and the individual level effects on drug use across schools and communities in Kentucky; Specific Aim 4: to compare multilevel models of rural drug use and urban drug use to determine: a) the extent of rural heterogeneity; b) the utility (or futility) in conceptualizing "rural and urban" as dichotomous; Specific Aim 5: to determine the extent to which individual, school and community factors affect variation over time in adolescent drug use. Recognition/examination of heterogeneity across rural contexts in particular (in contrast to heterogenous urban contexts) is necessary if we are to understand patterns of Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse in Rural America. This is a prospective longitudinal study of one cohort (7th graders, 1999-00 AY, n=10,000) attending 66 middle schools in a stratified, random sample of 30 counties, 4 by population size of county), and a sample of teachers from same schools. Cohort will be followed for 4 years through 10th grade into 45 high schools. HLM and latent growth curve modeling techniques will be used to test the theoretical models driving the research.