Multiscale whole systems modelling and analysis for CO2 capture, transport and storage.

英国正在挑战温室气体（GHG）减排目标。人们认为，碳捕集与封存（CCS）将在未来的能源系统中发挥关键作用，一方面是为了支持脱碳目标，另一方面是为了在未来的系统中提供电网灵活性，其中包括很大一部分响应性较低的低碳能源系统（例如核基本负荷和间歇性风能）。提出的研究方法是基于多尺度建模。这涉及到为各个组件开发适合目的的模型，这些模型描述了在不同长度和时间尺度上运行的现象，并支持跨尺度的集成和数据交换。位于CCS链的末端，地质CO2储存地点的性能对CCS基础设施的许多其他部分都有影响。例如，储存库接受注入二氧化碳的难易程度将在一定程度上决定所需的井数和井口设计。储存库中已经存在的流体的压力，以及这种压力是如何连接的，将是储存库最终能容纳多少二氧化碳的一个因素。每个潜在的二氧化碳储存地点都可以通过一组地质和岩土参数来定义。这些参数的变化及其在不同尺度上的相互作用导致每个站点都是独特的。作为该提案的目标之一，BGS将构建一系列注入和储存模型，这些模型将反映二氧化碳储存综合体的广泛不同特征，并测试每种模型关键参数的变化如何影响整个CCS系统。准确描述一组真实的二氧化碳储存将是构建整个系统模型的关键组成部分。将确定几种典型的英国海上油气田和咸水含水层的地质储存机制，以反映未来CCS项目中可能提供的不同储存选择。通过实际的例子，每个潜在的存储地点将被映射和表征。将计算静态储存能力，并将考虑水库压力积聚的限制效应和可能的缓解方案。将构建每个站点的3D模型，并填充来自现有可访问数据集、解释和发布信息的相关地质和岩土工程信息。将使用来自其他相关CCS研究的数据和结果，包括CASSEM和苏格兰区域研究。在无法获得具体现场资料的情况下，将利用类似物的数据。结果将用于本次投标的工作包1和5。

The UK has challenging green house gas (GHG) reduction targets. It is believed that carbon capture and storage (CCS) will play a critical role in the energy systems of the future, in part to support the decarbonisation objective and in part to provide grid flexibility in a future system including a large fraction of less responsive low carbon energy systems (e.g. nuclear baseload and intermittent wind). The proposed research methodology is based on multiscale modelling. This involves the development of fit-for-purpose models of the individual components which describe phenomena that operate over different length and time scales and which support integration and data exchange across scales. Located at the end of the CCS chain, the performance of the geological CO2 storage site has implications for many other parts of the CCS infrastructure. For instance, how easily the store accepts injected CO2 will govern in part the number of wells required and wellhead design. The pressure of fluids already present in a store, and how this pressure is connected, will be a factor in how much CO2 the store will ultimately hold. Each potential CO2 storage site may be defined by a set of geological and geotechnical parameters. Variation in these parameters and their interaction at different scales results in each site being unique. As one of the objectives of this proposal BGS will construct a series of injection and storage models that will reflect the widely differing characteristics of a CO2 storage complex and test how variations in key parameters for each model affect the whole CCS system. Accurate characterisation of a realistic set of CO2 stores will be a crucial component in the construction of the whole systems model. Several types of geological storage mechanisms, typical of offshore UK oil and gas fields and saline aquifers, will be identified to reflect the different storage options that may be available in future CCS projects. Using actual examples, each potential storage site will be mapped and characterised. Static storage capacity will be calculated and will account for the limiting effect of pressure build-up in the reservoir and possible mitigation options. A 3D model of each site will be constructed and populated with relevant geological and geotechnical information derived from existing accessible datasets, interpretations and published information. Use will be made of data and results from other relevant CCS studies including CASSEM and the Scottish Regional Study. Where specific in situ information is unobtainable, data from analogues will be utilised. The results will be used in Work Packages 1 and 5 of this bid.