RSV ENHANCES SENSITIZATION AND AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS

继发于呼吸道合胞病毒的病毒性细支气管炎常与婴儿期的初始喘息发作有关。在许多婴儿中，这些发作先于哮喘发作。然而，这些病毒引起的发作的发病机制以及与过敏性炎症和哮喘的关系都没有得到很好的定义。为了了解病毒性呼吸道感染如何影响过敏性致敏、气道炎症和气道功能改变的发展，已经开发了一种小鼠模型来定义这种相互作用。在该模型中，暴露于活（未灭活）RSV的小鼠对吸入乙酰甲胆碱（MCh）产生气道高反应性（AHR），并且先前的RSV感染增强了对后续过敏原暴露的反应。对RSV和过敏原的反应以嗜酸性粒细胞炎症为特征，并且已经证明在AHR对病毒或过敏原的发展中需要嗜酸性粒细胞。在当前的提案中，这些观察结果将用于定义T细胞在急性RSV感染后肺部炎症和AHR的发展中以及在病毒后气道对变应原致敏中的作用。利用T细胞耗竭和特定T细胞群体的过继转移，将描绘CD 4和CD 8 T细胞在介导这些应答中的作用。Th-1和Th-2细胞因子在这些反应的发展中的重要性将通过免疫学上靶向特定的细胞因子和趋化因子以及基因缺陷动物来检查。在这些实验中，嗜酸性粒细胞炎症在反应的不同阶段的调节和重要性将被确定。我们将确定IL-4和IgE在急性RSV或病毒感染后暴露于过敏原中的作用，确定“特应性”是否影响这些反应的严重程度。这些研究为定义RSV改变气道反应性的机制，检查气道功能的神经控制，特别是靶向胆碱能收缩反应性提供了基础。改变气道功能的机制也将作为气道损伤（RSV感染+过敏原暴露）发生时的年龄的函数来解决。为了实现这些目标，我们将利用免疫和遗传操作的小鼠品系，以及通过全身体积描记法监测气道功能随时间吸入MCh的能力。该提案提供了一种结合免疫学和生理学技术的新方法，以确定对RSV的炎症反应如何有助于过敏原驱动的AHR的发展，并揭示预防RSV感染后果的策略。

Viral bronchiolitis, secondary to RSV, is often associated with initial wheezing episodes in infancy. In many infants, these episodes precede the onset of asthma. However, neither the pathogenesis of these virus-induced episodes nor a relationship to allergic inflammation and asthma have been well defined. To understand how viral respiratory tract infections influence allergic sensitization, airway inflammation and the development of altered airway function, a murine model to define such interactions has been developed. In this model, mice exposed to live (not inactivated) RSV develop airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine (MCh) and prior RSV infection enhances the response to subsequent allergen exposure. The responses to RSV and allergen are characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and a requirement for eosinophils in the development of AHR to virus or allergen has been demonstrated. In the current proposal, these observations will be used to define the role of T cells in the development of pulmonary inflammation and AHR following acute RSV infection and in post-viral airway sensitization to allergen. Utilizing T-cell depletion and adoptive transfer of specific T-cell populations, the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in mediating these responses will be delineated. The importance of Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines in the development of these responses will be examined by targeting specific cytokines and chemokines immunologically and with gene-deficient animals. In these experiments, the regulation and importance of eosinophilic inflammation at different phases of the response will be identified. We will define the role of IL-4 and IgE in response to acute RSV or post-virus exposure to allergen, determining if "atopy" influences the severity of these responses. These studies provide the foundation for defining the mechanism by which RSV alters airway responsiveness, examining neural control of airway function, particularly targeting cholinergic contractile responsiveness. Mechanisms that alter airway function will also be addressed as a function of the age at which the airway insult (RSV infection + allergen exposure) occurs. To accomplish these goals, we will utilize immunologically- and genetically-manipulated strains of mice as well as the ability to monitor airway function to inhaled MCh over time by whole body plethysmography. This proposal provides a novel approach combining immunologic and physiologic techniques to define how the inflammatory response to RSV contributes to the development of allergen-driven AHR and reveal strategies to prevent the consequences of RSV infection.