EXTINCTION AND RECOVERY OF CONDITIONED AVERSIONS

减少条件反应的程序，如灭绝，继续进行 广泛用于治疗和控制情绪，药理， 和行为障碍它们的广泛使用仍在继续，尽管缺乏 完全理解这种治疗的基本过程。的 提出的实验研究的过程中灭绝的基础 条件反应和其他治疗，减少或防止 条件反应，如阻塞，以及鼓励因素， 并阻碍从这种治疗中恢复，包括 上下文操作、保留间隔、恢复处理，以及 比较程序。这些结果的潜在应用 实验将用于显示条件反应的恢复， 例如，恐惧是一种基于创伤事件的刺激，一种条件反射， 药物作用或对食物的厌恶会受到 因素，如上下文线索，再体验线索相关的 创伤或厌恶发作，以及保留间隔对 这样的回忆。人力资本倡议说明了以下方面的重要性： 条件反射到开发缓解和理解心理疾病的工具 当它指出：“我们也知道，学习和 条件反射参与了环境因素的影响， 精神病理学例如，创伤后应激障碍是由 极端的外部压力源，并往往减轻行为 使用学习和调节技术的治疗”（HCI，报告3， 第一章）。此外，目前在条件反射领域的一些工作 最容易应用于治疗环境的实验包括 背景，获得的协会的灭绝，以及恢复 消失的记忆;这描述了许多计划的努力 在本提案中说明。

Procedures that reduce conditioned responses, such as extinction, continue to be widely used in treatment and control of emotional, pharmacologic, and behavior disorders. Their widespread use continues despite a lack of complete understanding of the processes underlying such treatments. The proposed experiments examine the processes underlying extinction of conditioned responding and other treatments that reduce or prevent conditioned responding such as blocking, as well as factors that encourage and discourage recovery from such treatments, including the influence of context manipulations, retention intervals, reinstatement treatments, and comparator processes. The potential application of the results of these experiments will serve to show whether recovery of conditioned responses, for example, fear a stimulus based on a traumatic episode, a conditioned drug effect, or an aversion to a food substance will be affected by factors such as contextual cues, reexperiencing cues related to the traumatic or aversion episode, and the influence of retention intervals on such memories. The Human Capital Initiative illustrates the importance of conditioning to developing tools for alleviating and understanding mental health disorders when it states: "We also known that learning and conditioning are involved in the impact of environmental factors in psychopathology. For example, post-traumatic stress disorder is triggered by extreme external stressors and is often alleviated by behavioral treatments using learning and conditioning techniques"(HCI, Report 3, Chapter 1). Moreover, some of the current work in the conditioning field most readily applied to therapeutic settings are experiments involving context, extinction of acquired associations, and the reinstatement of extinguished memories; and this describes much of the planned efforts describe in the present proposal.