MORAL DISENGAGEMENT--MEASUREMENT AND MODIFICATION

道德脱离是一个过程，通过这个过程，人们可以问心无愧地给别人造成痛苦。许多研究证实了这一概念，最近的研究表明，道德脱离是可以测量的，这些测量可以预测青少年暴力和犯罪。试点研究表明，同伴示范和教育可以减少道德脱离和不容忍，这种减少可以防止群体间的侵略，增加对军事暴力的反对。在这些初步研究的基础上，研究人员将开发一套全面的工具，然后进行定性和定量的预测试，以衡量影响不同城市青年群体（德克萨斯州休斯顿14-15岁的高中生）七种个人和集体暴力形式的道德脱离过程。还将编制学校和媒体以社区为基础的指导和教育材料，以提供同伴示范和教育，促进道德参与（即抵制道德脱离）。然后，两个连续的、随机的、为期9个月的学校-社区水平的实验将在两所治疗学校和两所比较学校进行，大约有3000名研究参与者。这个实验将确定指导和教育是否减少了道德脱离，以及这些减少是否导致报告的暴力和犯罪行为和行为意图的发生率降低，以及报告的各种形式的暴力受害程度降低。

Moral disengagement is the process through which people can inflict suffering on others with a clear conscience. Numerous studies have validated this concept and recent research has shown that moral disengagement can be measured and that these measures can predict youth violence and delinquency. Pilot studies have shown that peer modeling and education can reduce moral disengagement and intolerance and that those reductions may prevent intergroup aggression and increase opposition to military violence. Based upon these preliminary studies, the investigators will develop and then qualitatively and quantitatively pretest a comprehensive set of instruments to measure the moral disengagement processes that influence seven individual and collective forms of violence among diverse groups of urban youth (high school students ages 14-15 in Houston, Texas). School- and media community-based instruction and education materials will also be developed to provide peer modeling and education promoting moral engagement (ie, resistance to moral disengagement). Then two, successive randomized nine-month school- community-level experiments will be conducted with two treatment and two comparison schools and approximately 3,000 research participants. This experiment will determine whether the instruction and education decreased moral disengagement and whether those reductions resulted in reduced rates of reported violent and delinquent behavior and behavioral intentions and in lower levels of reported victimization by violence in various forms.