DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL FUNCTION

这个项目的目标集中在对 猕猴的空间视觉发育。这些猴子是一种 重要的动物模型，可以用来检验关于 视觉发育的神经基础及其对视觉的破坏 弱视，通常被定义为由于以下原因而丧失视力 发育过程中的异常视觉状况。我们一直在研究 正常幼猴和患有 实验诱导的弱视，以评估关于弱视的理论 神经对发育的限制及其引起的干扰 弱视。我们之前分析了斜视和斜视的表现 屈光参差猴子对各种空间任务的建立程度 他们的缺陷与对比模式有关 敏感度下降。我们发现，在大多数情况下， 对比敏感度的损失可以解释空间分辨率的损失 弱视的精确度，而缺陷的模式n表明 皮质底物。我们已经记录了电生理特性 弱视猴子初级视皮层(V1)神经元的研究 以确定弱视缺陷的神经基础。我们的结果 在V1区神经元缺陷之间显示出很强的定性相关性 细胞和行为测量缺陷，但神经元缺陷 不能完全解释行为缺陷的原因。我们已经开始了一系列 行为和生理研究，以确定更高的水平 更全面地描述视觉损失的处理缺陷 弱视。这些任务基于 将视觉显示转换为连贯的功能，这一能力称为功能 整合。我们目前正在研究这方面的发展 才能。资助NIH拨款EY05864和RR00166。卡兰迪尼，M. Movshon，J.A.和Ferster，D.模式适应和 初级视皮层中的交叉定向交互作用。 神经药理学37 501-511,1998。基尔佩斯，L.，基珀，哥伦比亚特区 O‘Keefe，L.P.，Cavanaugh，J.R.和Movshon，J.A.神经元相关性 实验性弱视对猕猴视皮层弱视的影响 斜视和屈光参差。J.神经学18 6411-6424,1998. 限制外周和中枢性因素 猕猴对比敏感度的发育。视觉 1998年研究结果38 61-70。墨菲，K.M.，琼斯，D.J.，芬斯特雷克，S.B. Pegado，V.D.，Kiorpe，L.和Movshon，J.A.细胞色素间距 正常和斜视猕猴视皮层中的氧化物酶斑点。 大脑皮层8 237-244,1998。O‘Keefe L.P.和Movshon，J.A. 脑内神经元对一、二阶运动信号的处理 猕猴的MT区域。维。神经科。15 305-317,1998. JR，Bair，Cavanaugh和Movson，J.A. MT区和V1区的方向选择性神经元。SoC。神经科。 节选。24 1745,1998.Cavanaugh，J.R.，Bair，W.和Movshon，J.A. 设置对比度增益的信号来自于ISO取向的磁区对齐 与猕猴纹状皮质神经元的感受野轴线一致。SoC。 神经科。节选。24 1875,1998.Kiorpe，L.，Tang，C.和Movshon， J.A.弱视猕猴的视觉效率。知觉 (增刊)27 21,1998.Movshon，J.A.，Kiper，D.C.，O‘Keefe，L.P. Cavanaugh，J.R.和Kiorpe，L.神经元与弱视 实验性斜视猕猴的视皮层 屈光参差。感知(增刊)27：16,1998。欧基夫，L.P.和 Movshon，J.A.“能见度窗口”和STS的方向调整 警觉的猕猴的神经元。SoC。神经科。节选。241745年， 1998年。Priebe，N.J.，Bair，W.，Cavanaugh，J.R.，Movshon，J.A. 增益控制的方向和速度选择性 猕猴视区MT的单个神经元。SoC。神经科。节选。24个 648,1998年。运动检测技术研究进展 在弱视猕猴身上。投资。眼科维。SCI。39 S329,1998年。

The goals of this project center on the characterization of spatial vision development in macaque monkeys. These monkeys are an important animal model that can be used for testing hypotheses about the neural basis for the development of vision and its disruption by amblyopia, which is generally defined as a loss of vision due to abnormal visual conditions during development. We have been studying visual development in normal infant monkeys and in monkeys that have experimentally induced amblyopia in order to evaluate theories on the neural limitations on development and the disruption caused by amblyopia. We previously analyzed the performance of strabismic and anisometropic monkeys on various spatial tasks to establish the extent to which their deficits were related to the pattern of contrast sensitivity losses. We have found that in most cases, the pattern of contrast sensitivity loss can account for the loss of spatial precision in amblyopies, and that the patter n of deficits suggests a cortical substrate. We have recorded electrophysiological properties of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of amblyopic monkeys, to try to identify the neural basis for the amblyopic deficits. Our results show a strong qualitative correlation between neuronal deficits in V1 cells and behaviorally measured deficits, but the neuronal deficits do not fully acount for the behavioral deficits. We have begun a series of behavioral and physiological studies to identify higher level processing deficits that more fully describe the visual losses in amblyopia. These tasks are based on organization of elements in a visual display into coherent features, an ability called feature integration. We are currently studying the development of this ability. FUNDING NIH grants EY05864 and RR00166. Carandini, M., Movshon, J.A., and Ferster, D. Pattern adaptation and cross-orientation interactions in the primary visual cortex. Neuropharmacology 37 501-511, 1998. Kiorpes, L., Kiper, D.C., O'Keefe, L.P., Cavanaugh, J.R., and Movshon, J.A. Neuronal correlates of amblyopia in the visual cortex of macaque monkeys with experimental strabismus and anisometropia. J. Neurosci. 18 6411-6424, 1998. Kiorpes, L. and Movshon, J.A. Peripheral and central factors limiting the development of contrast sensitivity in macaque monkeys. Vision Res. 38 61-70, 1998. Murphy, K.M., Jones, D.J., Fenstemaker, S.B., Pegado, V.D., Kiorpes, L., and Movshon, J.A. Spacing of cytochrome oxidase blobs in visual cortex of normal and strabismic monkeys. Cerebral Cortex 8 237-244, 1998. O'Keefe, L.P. and Movshon, J.A. Processing of first- and second-order motion signals by neurons in area MT of the macaque monkey. Vis. Neurosci. 15 305-317, 1998. Bair, W., Cavanaugh, J.R., and Movson, J.A. Temporal dynamics of direction selective neurons in areas MT and V1. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 1745, 1998. Cavanaugh, J.R., Bair, W., and Movshon, J.A. Signals setting contrast gain arise from iso-oriented domains aligned with the receptive field axis of macaque striate cortex neurons. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 1875, 1998. Kiorpes, L., Tang, C., and Movshon, J.A. Visual efficiency in amblyopic macaque monkeys. Perception (Suppl) 27 21, 1998. Movshon, J.A., Kiper, D.C., O'Keefe, L.P., Cavanaugh, J.R., and Kiorpes, L. Neuronal correlates ofo amblyopia in the visual cortex of macaques with experimental strabismus and anisometropia. Perception (Suppl) 27:16, 1998. O'Keefe, L.P. and Movshon, J.A. The "window of visibility" and direction tuning of STS neurons in alert macaque monkeys. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 1745, 1998. Priebe, N.J., Bair, W., Cavanaugh, J.R., Movshon, J.A., and Lisberger, S.G. Direction and speed selectivity of gain control in single neurons in macaque visual area MT. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 24 648, 1998. Tang, C., Kiorpes, L., and Movshon, J.A. Motion detection in amblyopic macaque monkeys. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39 S329, 1998.