SOCIOPHYSIOLOGY OF WELL BEING IN NEW WORLD MONKEYS

幸福感是指有能力实施基本的 生物功能正常，在缺乏 压力或疾病的持续症状。 了解这些因素 对生物医学研究有着广泛的影响， 用于实验动物的护理和维护。 目的 评估影响新生儿福祉的社会生活环境 世界猴子通过检查活动和应激反应的反应性 生殖系统、生殖过程和健康状况。 我们的目标 包括理解基本的生理和行为过程， 并为这些人确定最佳生活安排， 促进这些动物的健康。 结果松鼠猴 在接受了一组治疗后， 阵 这类似于患有 创伤后应激障碍和对幸福有害。 几 需要几个月的同居才能稳定群体， 垂体肾上腺活动恢复正常 个人住房在此 物种不会产生慢性压力的症状。 蒂蒂猴子，在 相反，容易适应新的社会结构。 形成 新的配对会导致皮质醇的升高， 肾上腺皮质活动持续不到48小时。 个人 饲养提提猴导致皮质醇持续升高 具有丧亲之痛或者沮丧的特点。 生殖研究 显示出Titi猴雌性表现出泌乳诱导抑制， 排卵，他们通常在他们唯一的排卵周期怀孕， 当年 出生间隔时间在所有类型中非常一致， 猴子，但不限于每年的周期。 出生间隔 在松鼠猴中， 年周期。 未来的方向检查压力的变化 在生殖过程的各个阶段。 我们 特别关注神经内分泌的变化， 分娩可能会抑制对许多 环境刺激，但增强对婴儿相关 刺激。 关键词垂体肾上腺活动，社会影响， 生殖、垂体-性腺活动、攻击性资助NIH补助金 RR00169

Significance Well-being assumes the ability to carry out basic biological functions in a normal fashion and in the absence of persistent symptoms of stress or disease. Understanding those factors has broad implications for biomedical research as well as implications for care and maintenance of laboratory animals. Objectives To evaluate the social living environment that impact well-being of New World monkeys by examining activity and reactivity of stress response systems, reproductive processes and health status. Our objectives include understanding basic physiological and behavioral processes as well as identification of the optimal living arrangements for the promotion of well-being in these animals. Results Squirrel monkeys exhibit prolonged periods of reduced cortisol levels following group formation. This is analogous to patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and inimical to well-being. Several months of cohabitation are required for groups to stabilize and pituitary-adrenal activity to normalize. Individual housing in this species does not produce symptoms of chronic stress. Titi monkeys, in contrast, adapt readily to new social configurations. Formation of new pairs results in an elevation in cortisol, but heightened adrenocortical activity persists for less than 48 hours. Individual housing for titi monkeys results in persistent elevations in cortisol characteristic of bereavement or depression. Studies of reproduction show that titi monkey females exhibit lactation induced suppression of ovulation and they usually conceive on their only ovulatory cycle of the year. Interbirth intervals are remarkably consistent in titi monkeys but not constrained to an annual cycle. Interbirth intervals in squirrel monkeys are more variable and constrained by a rigid annual cycle. Future Directions Examining changes in stress responsiveness at various stages in the reproductive process. We are particularly interested in neuroendocrine changes surrounding parturition that may suppress stress responsiveness to many environmental stimuli but enhance responsiveness to infant related stimuli. KEY WORDS pituitary adrenal activity, social influences, reproduction, pituitary-gonadal activity, aggression FUNDING NIH Grant RR00169