ACTIVITY & PROXIMITY PATTERNS OF JUVENILE HOWLING MONKEYS

25只散养幼鱼的活动和接近模式 在瓜纳卡斯特省的5个社会群体中， 比较年龄和性别差异。 观察结果基于 1993-1996年6 - 8月的709.5小时焦点观测。 十二 年龄在0.8至3.8岁之间的男性和13名女性， 重点学科。 持续时间数据（休息、进食、旅行、玩耍）和 接近母亲（接触，小于1米，小于5米） 转换为每小时的平均分钟数， 接近成年男性，成年女性和青少年也 根据可用的互动者数量进行调整。 进行了比较 年龄和性别使用方差分析。 在以下方面没有显著差异： 按活动模式或与其他群体接近程度的年龄或性别分列 成员 在接近性方面没有显著的性别差异， 母亲，但年龄有显着差异。 随着越来越 年龄越大，男性和女性外出的时间越多， 接触或不接近母亲（> 5米），但在 其他的接近模式，表明青少年留在附近， 妈妈们 这种男女之间缺乏整体差异的现象， 幼鱼阶段是显著的，因为雄性和雌性的差异 婴儿行为是有据可查的。 似乎没有 幼年嚎叫猴的性别特异性行为模式， 在同一发育阶段， 期

Activity and proximity patterns of 25 free-ranging juvenile howling monkeys in 5 social groups in Guanacaste Province were compared for age and sex differences. Observations were based on 709.5 hours of focal observations from June-August, 1993-1996. Twelve males and 13 females between the ages of 0.8 and 3.8 years of age were focal subjects. Duration data (rest, feed, travel, play) and proximity to mother (contact, less than 1 meter, less than 5 meters) were converted to mean minutes per hour, and duration data for proximity to adult males, adult females and juveniles were also adjusted for number of interactors available. Comparisons were made for age and sex using ANOVA. There were no significant differences by age or by sex in activity patterns or proximity to other group members. There were no significant sex differences in proximity to mother, but there was a significant difference by age. As they got older, both males and females increased the amount of time spent out of contact or out of proximity (>5m) to mother, but no differences in the other proximity patterns, indicating that juveniles stay near mothers. This lack of overall difference between males and females at the juvenile stage is remarkable since differences in male and female infant behavior are well documented. There do not appear to be sex-specific behavioral patterns for juvenile howling monkeys, paralleling their physical monomorphism at this same developmental period.