Marine LTSS: Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science

海洋在维持地球上的生命方面发挥着至关重要的作用，既为我们提供了生物资源，又调节了我们的气候。目前和未来人为驱动的气候变化轨迹将在很大程度上受到海洋继续吸收目前进入大气的93%的多余热量和30%的人为碳的能力的控制。大西洋特别重要，因为大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）向北输送热量，使欧洲西北部比北美和亚洲的可比纬度地区温暖3度。与AMOC相关的热损失促进了强烈的溶解度驱动的自然和人为碳的吸收。大西洋还支持水柱和海底在空间和时间上多样化的生物群落，这些生物群落构成生物多样性水库，在海洋中储存碳，并支撑海洋食物网；本质上是海洋的自然资本。我们现在有充分的证据表明，大西洋及其边缘海的许多特征正在发生变化，包括温盐和风驱动环流的强度、海面和内部温度和盐度分布、海气CO2通量、初级生产和营养场。这些变化可能构成重大威胁，因为它们会导致我们从大西洋获得的利益发生根本性的、但人们知之甚少的变化。在地球迅速变化、全球人口不断扩大和资源开发密集的时代，我们必须拥有国际协调的观测和预测系统，以便政策制定者能够就海洋问题做出基于证据的合理决策。CLASS将采用强有力的协同方法，利用一系列国际协调的观测和世界级的数值模式来评估大西洋系统在调节海洋服务关键方面所起作用的现状和未来演变。它将支持英国参与国际海洋观测和建模项目，优先使用自动驾驶车辆和新型传感器来提高效率，增加海洋观测的时空覆盖范围，同时减少对昂贵的研究船的依赖。这些基础活动将为学术界未来的资金投资提供一个平台，并提供关键数据集和模型输出，这些数据集和模型输出可用于整个英国和全球社区，以解决重要的海洋政策相关问题。最后，我们将创建有效的参与活动，确保学术合作伙伴能够通过研究生培训伙伴关系透明地获得NERC海洋科学能力，并获得船载、实验室和自主设施以及建模能力。

The ocean plays a vital role in sustaining life on planet Earth, both providing us with living resources and regulating our climate. The trajectory of current and future anthropogenically driven climate change will be very substantially controlled by the ability of the ocean to continue absorbing the 93% of excess heat and 30% of anthropogenic carbon entering the atmosphere that it currently takes up. The Atlantic Ocean is particularly important as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) transports heat northwards, keeping north-west Europe 3 degrees warmer than comparable latitudes in N America and Asia. The heat loss associated with the AMOC facilitates intense solubility-driven uptake of both natural and anthropogenic carbon. The Atlantic also supports spatially and temporally diverse biological communities in the water column and at the seafloor which constitute biodiversity reservoirs, act to store carbon in the oceans, and underpin the marine food web; in essence the ocean's natural capital. We now have abundant evidence that many features of the Atlantic Ocean and its marginal seas are changing, including the strength of the thermohaline and wind-driven circulation, sea surface and interior temperature and salinity distributions, air-sea CO2 fluxes, primary production and nutrient fields. These changes may constitute significant threats, by driving fundamental, but poorly understood, changes in the benefits we derive from the Atlantic Ocean. In an era of rapid planetary change, expanding global population and intense resource exploitation, it is vital that we have internationally coordinated observing and prediction systems so policy makers can make sound evidence-based decisions about the ocean. CLASS will take the powerful synergistic approach of using a range of internationally coordinated observations and world-class numerical models to assess the current status and future evolution of the role Atlantic Ocean systems play in regulating key aspects of ocean services. It will support the UK element of international ocean observing and modelling programmes, prioritising the use of autonomous vehicles and new sensors to improve efficiency, and increase the spatial and temporal coverage of our ocean observations, while reducing dependence on expensive research ships. These underpinning activities will provide a platform for future funding investments for the academic community and contribute key datasets and model outputs that can be used across the UK and global community to address important marine policy relevant questions. Finally, we will create effective engagement activities ensuring academic partners have transparent access to NERC marine science capability through graduate training partnerships and access to shipborne, lab-based and autonomous facilities, and modelling capabilities.