CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

建议两次访问RSA，第一次（11/1/99）至3/31/00)以实现第18节中列出的目标1)和3)，第二次（7/l/00至1/31/01）以追求目标2)和4)。1980年代对纳米比亚儿童癌症的调查将在访问1期间更新。如果Herero儿童脑肿瘤的高发病率持续下去，申请人和RSA合作者将在纳米比亚的第一次调查中制定一项协议，对患有脑肿瘤的儿童的组织块进行分子分析。这一协议将在访问期间与美国同事讨论。访问之间的间隔也将允许申请人检查她在美国的研究的进行和进展。访问2的目的是测试部落饮用水、食物和土壤的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐水平，如果认为合适和可行，收集儿童脑肿瘤患者及其父母的口腔冲洗液。赞助者希望在第一次访问期间得到关于在西开普省建立儿童癌症登记处的指导，他认为可以利用两个省级医院的登记处在1983-1999年期间建立儿童癌症登记处。在访问2期间，在获得可用于分析的登记数据后，计划调查儿童白血病、脑癌和其他儿童癌症的描述性流行病学，并考虑一些人口因素，包括种族和居住地区（城市与农村以及靠近开普敦核电站），并根据指示启动进一步的研究。上述目标5)将在两次访问期间进行。

Two visits to RSA are proposed, the first (11/1/99) to 3/31/00) to achieve aims 1) and 3) listed above in section 18, and the second (7/l/00 to 1/31/01) to pursue aims 2) and 4). The survey done in the 1980's of childhood cancer in Namibia will be updated during visit 1. If the high rate of brain tumors among Herero children persists, the applicant and RSA collaborators will develop a protocol for molecular analysis of tissue blocks from children with brain tumors in the first survey in Namibia. This protocol will be discussed with US colleagues on return to the US between visits. The interval between visits will also allow the applicant to check in on the conduct and progress of her US-based research. Visit 2 will aim to test tribal drinking water, foods and soil for levels of nitrate and nitrite, and, if deemed desirable and feasible, to collect buccal washings from pediatric brain tumor patients and their parents. The sponsor would like guidance during visit 1 in setting up a registry of childhood cancers for Western Cape Province, which he contends can be constituted for the period 1983-1999 by using the two provincial hospital-based registries. During visit 2, after registry data are available for analysis, plans are to investigate the descriptive epidemiology of childhood leukemia, brain cancers and other childhood cancers looking at a number of demographic factors including ethnicity and area of residence (urban versus rural and proximity to the Cape Town nuclear power station), and to initiate further studies as indicated. Aim 5) above will be pursued during both visits.