AN ERGONOMIC APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND SAFETY FOR THE ELDERLY

老年人中很大一部分事故发生在家中， 涉及某些类型消费品或环境因素，例如： 楼梯和台阶，浴缸和淋浴，以及不正确使用工具和 设备.事故和由此造成的伤害妨碍 日常生活活动（ADL）以及创建恐惧和忧虑 阻碍老年人独立生活。有 有迹象表明，许多事故是可以预防的， 干预策略。制定事故预防战略 必须基于对事故因果关系的理解， 人与环境相互作用。此外，我们还必须制定有效的 将这些信息传播给老年人的技术， 护理人员和医务人员。建议的项目包括：1） 对事故因果关系的详细了解， 产品/环境成分; 2）识别适当的危害 针对相同产品/环境成分的干预策略; 3） 开发和评估教育和安全培训材料，以确保 成功实施危害干预措施; 4）制定 向有关个人传播这一信息的技术，或 organization.危害干预策略将在 干预和实地研究。在干预研究中， 家庭环境将被评估，使用任务分析技术， 他们在家庭安全和需求方面的适当性条款 （相对于能力）他们放在居民身上。适当的危险 将在这些家庭中制定和实施减少战略。 这些干预措施的有效性将通过以下方式进行评估： 对照组的ADL性能和家庭安全的前后测量 未接受干预措施的样本。 在实地研究中， 抽样五十名长者接受多媒体家居安全训练 程序，在这个亲开发，并进行前后期培训测试， 以评估方案的有效性。该项目的目标是 提高老年人的生活质量， 在家里独立生活。它与《公约》的总体目标非常吻合， 人因工程和衰老研究中心

A large percentage of accidents among the elderly occur at home and involve some type of consumer product or environmental agent such as: stairs and steps, bathtubs and showers, and improper use of tools and appliances. Accidents and resulting injuries interfere with performance of activities of daily living (ADL) as well as create fear and apprehension in older adults impeding the elderly from living independently. There are indications that many of the accidents could be prevented with appropriate intervention strategies. The development of accident prevention strategies must be based on an understanding of accident causality and of the human/environment interaction. In addition, we must develop effective techniques to disseminate this information to older individuals, caregivers, and medical personnel. This proposed project will involve: 1) developing a detailed understanding of accident causality for a number of products/environmental components; 2) identifying appropriate hazard intervention strategies for the same products/environmental components; 3) developing and evaluating education and safety training material to insure successful implementation of the hazard interventions; and 4) developing techniques to disseminate this information to relevant individuals or organization. The hazard intervention strategies will be evaluated in intervention and field studies. In the intervention study a sample of 50 home environments will be evaluated, using task analytic techniques, in terms of their appropriateness with respect to home safety and the demands (relative to capabilities) they place on the residents. Appropriate hazard reduction strategies will be developed and implemented in these homes. The effectiveness of these interventions will be evaluated by composing pre and post measures of ADL performance and home safety to a control sample who have not received the interventions. In the field study a sample of 50 elderly people will receive a multimedia home safety training program, developed in this pro and undergo a pre-post training test in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The project's goal is to improve the quality of life for older people and enhance their ability to live independently at home. It fits well with the overall objectives of the Center for human Factors Engineering and Aging Research.